The Mozart Effect Essay - 1461 Words

â€Å"Mozart effect† is a believe that listening to music could enhance individuals’ intelligence, and therefore lead to better performance in various spheres, such as languages and arithmetics. There are researches pointed out that listening to music while tasks performance would result in significant boost of scores. The effect of listening to Mozart’s music on spatial seasoning was looked over in 1933 by Dr. Rauscher, three common tests about abstract spatial reasoning were given to the participants after they were exploded to three conditions, (1) Mozart K. 448; (2) verbal mitigation instructions; (3) silence. It turned out that a provisional improvement of spatial-reasoning was found under the condition (1). Moreover, it is commonly seen†¦show more content†¦It was also indicated that musical training could lead to longstanding intelligence improvement (Motluk, 1997; Zupan, 2000; cited Aheadi, 107), such thesis has created a trend of learning music al instruments all over the world, parents spend uncountable expenses on children music education. Take one music institution in Hong Kong, Parkland Music, as an example. According to the course list of Parkland Music, one 45 minutes pre-grade violin class will cost 195 HKD (around 25 USD), when promoted to Grade 8, it will cost 415 HKD (around 53 USD) per class. If one has class per week, more than hundreds would be paid for the classes. This often cost a very heavy financial burden to many families. However, no proof of long-term performance enhancement was found among most existing research about the influence of music listening to intellectual development of individuals. For examples, Hall (1952) and Mitchell (1949) illustrated that background music could lead to enhancement in reading comprehension while Fogelson (1937) and Kiger (1989) reported that no noticeable effect was discovered. There were also researchers who addressed that background music did not have any effect on test enhancement (Henderson, Crews, Barlow, 1945; Mowswsian Heyer, 1973) In fact, Dr. Rauscher clarified that the enhancement caused in condition (1) was just a short-term progress, which lasted no longer than 15 minutes. In addiction, participants in theShow MoreRelatedThe Mozart Effect Essay931 Words   |  4 PagesIt has long been believed that music can evoke specific thoughts and feelings from the listener. But can music –specifically the music of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart- summon hidden in telligences within the human brain? That is the question scientists are trying to answer. In the mid-nineties, scientists, Frances Rauscher, Gordon Shaw and Katherine Ky, claimed that music could boost the listener’s intelligence up to 9 points (Steele 2). To many, this allegation seemed a bit far-fetched and soon otherRead More The Mozart Effect Essay1215 Words   |  5 PagesThe Mozart Effect Ever since human intelligence has been a factor for survival, people have been trying to think of new, innovative ways to increase their mental capabilities. In the past, people have taken pills, prepared home-made concoctions, and have even shaven their heads to clear their minds. Even now, new ideas, such as magnetic mattresses for better blood circulation to the brain, are patented and sold promising mental wellness and stability – and making money for the inventor. WhenRead MoreEssay on Psychology: The Mozart Effect1332 Words   |  6 Pagesthis end, this essay will evaluate the questionable validity of the â€Å"Mozart Effect†. The Mozart Effect implies that playing Mozart to a baby will increase its cognitive abilities, a claim which has instigated a rapidly increasing market of â€Å"CDS to make your baby smarter†. This claim, despite having partial merit and widespread popular acceptance, is fundamentally incorrect. Through the analysis of various attem pted replication studies, it is abundantly clear that the ‘Mozart Effect’ is a falsehoodRead MoreEssay On Mozart Effect1061 Words   |  5 PagesThe Mozart Effect, broadly stated, is the idea that music can help with many other aspects of a student’s education. Its research started decades ago and is still highly debated today, with some condition to the findings. However, in Bob Duke’s article, he explains why it doesn’t matter whether of not it helps tests scores. He believes we should not be using this as an excuse for keeping music programs because there are countless better reasons. Duke’s article highly reinforced why I personally believeRead More The Mozart Effect Essay1250 Words   |  5 PagesThe Mozart Effect is a study that shows listening to classical music can have positive effects on learning and attitude. This occurrence is called the Mozart Effect, and it has been proven in experiments by many scientists. This research has caused much controversy between believers and nonbelievers, because The Mozart Effect is said to enhance the brain and reasoning; it is also used to reduce stress, depression, or anxiety; it induces relaxation or sleep; and the Mozart Effect activates the bodyRead MoreEssay about The mozart effect1002 Words   |  5 Pages The Mozart Effect Does classical music really help you study better? Many recent research studies show that music idoes in fact improve cognitive thinking. In 1993, researchers at the University of California at Irvine discovered the so-called Mozart Effect - that college students â€Å"who listened to ten minutes of Mozarts Sonata for Two Pianos in D major K448 before taking an IQ test scored nine points higher† than when they had sat in silence or listened to relaxation tapes. Other studies haveRead MoreClassical Music: The Mozart Effect Essay1402 Words   |  6 PagesThe Mozart effect is a phenomena whereby listening to ten minutes of Mozart’s music, a person’s spatial IQ is boosted by 8-9 points (on the Stanford-Binet IQ Scale), in comparison to listening to ten minutes of a relaxation tape or silence (Rauscher, Shaw and Ky, 1993). This literature review critically assesses the key works and concepts concerning the Mozart effect, specifically its methodologies, its limits, a nd finally, alternative theories. While some academics argue that ‘listening to MozartRead MoreThe Life and Works of Ludwig van Beethoven Essay657 Words   |  3 Pagescreativity each one brought. Through this essay we will learn many things about Beethoven and his works. A symphony for starters is a musical composition for full orchestra, typically in four movements where at least one is in sonata form. A sonata is also a composition in several movements from one to eight instruments but a sonata form is a form of a single movement. Beethovens symphonies have some similarities and differences between Hayden and Mozart. Each one of these composers in the classicalRead MoreGrit Vs. Iq : Cognitive Development Essay965 Words   |  4 Pagesfocus of this essay is to evaluate whether grit or IQ has the most positive effect on cognitive development. Throughout history there have been demonstrations of grit and the correlation to cognitive ability developing strongly through childhood. Mozart, was most commonly related to being a â€Å"child prodigy†, having an extremely high IQ and musically based talent (Ericsson, Prietula and Cokely 2007, p. 3). What is not universally known about the development of his ability is that Mozart was fatheredRead MoreMusic As A Universal Experience1375 Words   |  6 Pages This experiment was inspired by the Mozart effect work. For those who are unaware, the Mozart effect can refer to: listening to Mozart during study or learning to help enhance the short term or spatial learning. There have been many books and studies done on this theory. In one study done by J S Jenkins it was concluded that: The original experiments on adults exposed to Mozart s music were of short duration only. In related experiments, long-term effects of music were studied in groups of pre-school

Sexual Harassment and Workplace Violence Essay - 1416 Words

Harassment has plagued the world for centuries. Why should the workplace be any different? Sexual harassment and workplace violence are not only of historical roots, but contemporary issues are still present in the workforce today. Managers are addressing and combating modern sexual harassment and workplace violence, however instances still occur (Robbins, Decenzo Coulter, 2011). â€Å"Sexual harassment is defined as any unwanted action or activity of a sexual nature that explicitly or implicitly affects an individual’s employment, performance, or work environment† (Robbins, Decenzo Coulter, 2011). According to the EEOC, â€Å"Harassment can include â€Å"sexual harassment† or unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other†¦show more content†¦The 1970’s began the dawn of sexual harassment law. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, began being utilized by feminists, and lawyers during the 1970’s in order to defend the female victims of these sexual encounters. The challenge for lawyers and activists, such as Catharine MacKinnon and Lin Farley, was to persuade the American judiciary that sexual harassment is a violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, â€Å"discrimination on the basis of sex† (Siegel, 2004). MacKinnon and Farley did their part in aiding in defining and a cknowledging sexual harassment in the American judiciary. During the 1970’s however, sexual harassment was met with resistance within the courts. The courts failure to recognize new sexual harassment by such tactical skewing of definitions into â€Å"sex-plus† doctrine retarded the advancement of sexual harassment law (Siegel, 2004). Supreme Court case Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson of 1986, and Harris v. Forklift Systems of 1993 are examples of a more recent judicial action that has helped shape the contemporary sexual harassment practice (Siegel, 2004). These mentioned two sexual harassment cases linked the unwanted sexual harassment to affecting the employee’s performance and work environment. Furthermore, no substantial victim mental distress is required to receive jury award (Robbins, Decenzo Coulter,Show MoreRelatedWhen Facing Sexual Harassment At Workplaces, What Options Do Employees Have? â€Å"Woman is the800 Words   |  4 Pages When Facing Sexual Harassment At Workplaces, What Options Do Employees Have? â€Å"Woman is the companion of man, gifted with equal mental capacities. She has the right to participate in very minutest detail in the activities of man and she has an equal right of freedom and liberty with him.† - M K Gandhi, 1933 After years of being encapsulated in lifestyles and mindsets, compulsorily associating existence with men, women have now stepped forth to break the shackles of inequality and gender dominanceRead MoreThe Ethical Conduct Of The Physician Assistant1308 Words   |  6 PagesSafety (CCOHS) (2005), defines workplace violence as â€Å"any act in which a person is abused, threatened, intimidated or assaulted in his or her employment.†5 (p 254) There are five behavior components in workplace violence: Threatening behavior, verbal or written threats, harassment, and physical attacks. Threatening behavior includes â€Å"shaking fists, destroying property or throwing objects.†5 (p 254) Verbal threats reveal intent to inflict harm to another. Harassment encompasses behaviors that â€Å"demeansRead MoreSexual Harassment in the Workplace against Women1569 Words   |  6 Pagesstaffer was well known and the source of the office’s sexual jokes (Women’s Rights).† The main cause here is that supervisors are often perpetrators, and often are not qualified for their job title as they appear to be. â€Å"Sexual harassment in the workplace is only there because the people at the top condone it and maybe practice it themselves (Jim Vince).† There are two types of sexual harassment in the workplace. One type is Quid pro quo: Sexual harassment that occurs when a job benefit is linked to whetherRead MoreGender And Its Effects On Our Society Essay1519 Words   |  7 PagesGender plays an important part in the way our society is shaped. Through examining gender-based inequalities in the public and in the workplace and this essay aims to visit some of the unfrequented borders of sexual violence, and to translate their effects on our society through the theme of differences and divisions. Sociologists assert that an individual’s sex can have significant disparity to their gender. Sex is defined by biological means including an individual’s anatomy that has been assignedRead MoreSexual Harassment : How Does It Differ From Bullying?891 Words   |  4 Pages1. What is sexual harassment? How does it differ from bullying? Sexual harassment is an unwanted attention that is sexual in nature. It can be a one-time occurrence or a result of repeated behaviour. In addition, harassment is viewed from the victim’s perspective and what the perceiver or affected individual would feel in the exact same situation. Workplace bullying on the other hand can be defined as an act or verbal behavior that is persistent and continuous, with intent to mentally hurt or isolateRead MoreSafe Urban Spaces For Women Essay1326 Words   |  6 PagesSAFE URBAN SPACES FOR WOMEN SEXUAL HARASSMENT AT WORKPLACE INTRODUCTION Sexual harassment is unwelcome sexual behaviour, which could be expected to make a person feel offended, humiliated or intimidated. It can be physical, verbal or written.   Sexual harassment is covered in the workplace when it happens: †¢ at work †¢ at work-related events †¢ between people sharing the same workplace †¢ between colleagues outside of work.   It involves employees, managers, agents, clients, customers and othersRead MoreGender Inequality And Gender Equality1673 Words   |  7 Pagesconstructed gender roles. Inequality is an issue that has a negative effect on both the individual and society. This essay will outline some of the issues that women face in different societies devoted and devolving like inequality in education, work and violence and it will also highlight some of women rights that able the women to have more power (world Economic Forum, 2014). The last global gender gap report in 2014 that studied the gender gap , reported that 30 percent of 142 countries that was monitoredRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie North Country 1213 Words   |  5 PagesHer first few days working in the mine seemed to be okay, but she then realized the women were targets of discrimination and sexual harassment. One day at the mine, Josey was attacked by one of the male employees and she then called its quits with mining. For this reason, Josey decided to take legal action, by suing the mining company for discrimination and sexual harassment. At first, Josey was alone when trying to win the case against the company. Many of the other women preferred not to testifyRead MoreThe Definition Of Ethical Integrity1513 Words   |  7 PagesContrary to public opinion, both men and women can become victims of sexual harassment and sexual assault. This paper will address some of the issues linked with sexual harassment and sexual assault in the working environment. In centuries past work, conditions in the workplace for women became so bad that the government had to intervene. New laws and organizations were initiated in order to protect the rights of women in the workplace. It has been noted in our text â€Å"The U.S. Equal Employment OpportunityRead MoreEthics : Ethics And Ethics1431 Words   |  6 PagesAlexa Cameron December 28, 2015 Ethics Program Ethics Simply put, ethics are moral and appropriate behavior in the workplace. A typical misconception is that ethics and legality are synonymous; however, not all unethical action is illegal and can typically be controlled within an organization. The following program will help to establish and clarify a basis for a proper code of ethics for this organization. Ethics are important because it helps to define and strengthen the culture of

Career Development Education

Question: Discuss about theCareer Developmentfor Education. Answer: Career and career development relates to an individuals workplace in different ways. These ways include: career development aids the employees in understanding and having positive skills within the organization. In most organizations, there is a problem that is commonly faced by almost all. This problem happens to be employees leaving their current jobs for greener pastures and the organizations find it hard to replace the employees. It is noted that individuals are increasingly being asked to take greater responsibility for their career development because this helps in identifying the needs of an organization. Moreover, it also aids the employees to identify and value their priorities. Professional development consists of observation; education and mentoring that aid the employees in a workplace. As an employee, one must target on setting personal professional goals. On the other hand, employees have different methods that aid personal and professional development. These ways include finding a mentor, someone that can be beneficially important to the organization. Having a mentor one can share the ideas and questions and this will definitely help in professional development. Secondly, attending workshops and conferences this will help in learning about the latest developments in an individuals area of work meet new people and exchange ideas on how to improve their organization (MacDonald, 2012) In conclusion career development, career responsibility should be taken with caution, it can lead to the downfall of an organization (Brown, 2013). For example, waiters that are highly trained and have good skills tend to leave their jobs and look for greater opportunities somewhere else. However, others just voluntarily serve on board and receiving no profits. This is mainly to boost the experience of the field of work. Of course how an individuals style of learning, personal career goals and how to tackle professional development matters. References Brown,D, (2013), Career Development and Counselling :Putting Research and Theory to Work,United Kingdom: John Wiley and sons publishers. MacDonald,K, (2012), Career Development: A Human resource Development Perceptive, NewYork: Kimberly Macdonald publishers.

Students name (359 words) Essay Example For Students

Students name (359 words) Essay Students nameProfessors nameCourseDateThe Role of Social Media in MarketingQ1. What were the specific social tools Hamilton and Miranda used to drive success?Hamilton and Miranda proved to be great manipulators of social media sites to trigger success. To market their work, the two made use of various social media sites like Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube. Twitter enabled engagement with their followers through retweets, comments and picture sharing. Through Instagram, all the events taking place world be unveiled to their followers. To increase their publicity, they involved other celebrities in their photos. The practise worked as a device to maintain the already existing and to attract new followers, hence maintaining their growing brand. Lastly, YouTube helped to share new videos. The videos increased the number of subscribers who were eager to watch their thrilling videos and performances. We will write a custom essay on Students name (359 words) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Q2.Explain what is the importance of people and personalities in social medias effectiveness?Maintaining a good personality among your fans is a very big boost. Social media being one of the largely used platforms makes it an ideal marketing platform. Just like Hamilton and Miranda did by engaging with their fans; social media creates a sense of suspense among celebritys fans that are curious to know whats next with their favourite celebrities. Q3. How did the role of celebrities change over time ; what is their role in marketing?The role of celebrities has drastically changed over time in that, in todays world celebrities are being used on advertisements and marketing. It is an assumption that their fans would want to try the products being endorsed by their adored celebrities. This makes it an ideal way of marketing yourself just as Miranda and Hamilton did by sharing pictures taken with celebrities just to show their fans that they meant business. Q4. Evaluate the financial influence of the shows social media activitiesBy getting more followers and making their fans engaged really increased their revenue drastically; this was achieved by the use of award winning stars in their work. This made more fans want to get in touch with their production and in return more copies of their work were sold.

Vice President of Operations Essays

Vice President of Operations Essays Vice President of Operations Essay Vice President of Operations Essay Vice president of operations job description The vice president of operations (VP) refers to the principal responsible for the strategy management of an organization or company. The VP acts as the link between the executive management and other managers (Simchi-Levi, 2010). The basic roles of the VP are associated with setting strategies, implementing strategies and also maintaining accountability. In regards to setting strategy, the VP of operations acts as the sole advisor of the president when it comes to making strategic decisions. He or she has the responsibility of identifying areas that require improvement for the company to exhibit growth. Furthermore, the VP is expected to frequently engage with the president regarding new strategies required in the improvement of operations in addition to ensuring that other managers are informed on any change that is or might take place in the company (Harrington, 2012). VPof operations In regards to implementing strategy, the vice president acts as the link between the executive management and managers in various departments. The VP ensures that the visions and goals set by the executive are communicated clearly to the other managers such that operations are implemented as expected (Harrington, 2012). In regards to maintaining accountability, the VP makes it the responsibility of the departmental managers to implement the strategic plan as laid out by the executive management. The VP ensures that the goals and objectives of each department are clearly communicated in addition to assessing the performance of each department after every activity to ensure that the results align with the strategic goals (Harrington, 2012). The average salary of the vice president of operations is $178, 083. However, it is worth noting that the pay varies depending on the operations (Pay Scale, 2016). In brief, the basic roles of the VP of operations entail coming up with methodologies that lead to the success of a company, assesses the operations of other managers to ensure that every operation aligns with the strategic plan, makes analysis of the final results of a project and also reports results to the president of a company References Harrington, H. (2012). Streamlined process improvement. New York: McGraw-Hill. Pay Scale,. (2016). Vice President (VP), Operations Salary. Payscale.com. Retrieved 9 November 2016, from payscale.com/research/US/Job=Vice_President_(VP),_Operations/Salary Simchi-Levi, D. (2010). Operations Rules: Delivering Customer Value through Flexible Operations. Cambridge: The MIT Press.

Word Choice Discrete vs. Discreet

Word Choice Discrete vs. Discreet Word Choice: Discrete vs. Discreet You know those times when your friend has a massive zit on their face but you don’t say anything because you don’t want to embarrass them? That’s called â€Å"being discreet.† Or should that be â€Å"discrete†? No, it shouldn’t. But many people confuse these terms due to the fact that they sound  identical when spoken. It’s therefore worth taking a minute to run through what these words mean and how to use them correctly in your work. Discreet (Careful or Prudent) As suggested above, the correct term to use when describing something which has been done to avoid embarrassment, or to keep something confidential, is â€Å"discreet†: When I went to the clinic, the nurses were very discreet. Until you left. Then they laughed about your genitals. [Photo: OnCall team/Vlastimil]It can also be used to describe something designed to be subtle, or not attract attention: The pattern on the lapels is complemented by discreet stitching on the collar. â€Å"Discreet† is related to the quality of â€Å"discretion†, although â€Å"discretion† can also mean â€Å"freedom to make decisions† and â€Å"discreet† is not used in this sense. Discrete (Separate or Distinct) When something is â€Å"discrete†, it is separate or distinct from other similar things: Wagner’s Ring Cycle is divided into four discrete parts, played in series. The valkyries were anything but discreet. â€Å"Discrete† also has some specific, technical meanings, though these tend to be related to the idea of being â€Å"distinct† or â€Å"separate.† Discrete mathematics, for instance, is a field of math that focuses on discontinuous structures (e.g., integers, graphs and logical statements). Discreet or Discrete? As you can see, these terms have very distinct meanings (you might even say that they’re â€Å"discrete†). As such, you should take care to use them correctly in your work. When describing a situation in which someone is being secretive or careful not to cause offense, the correct term is â€Å"discreet† (e.g., â€Å"You can tell me your secret. I’m very discreet.†) When you’re describing something which is separate from other similar things, the term to use is â€Å"discrete† (e.g., â€Å"Any machine can be broken down into its discrete components.†) Remember: Discreet = Careful/subtle Discrete = Distinct/separate

Jetblue airways corporation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Jetblue airways corporation - Research Paper Example The company core values are commitment to safety of its customers and the crewmembers, ensures respect between the passengers and crew members, achieving passion this is by striving to meet the needs of passengers and the crew members and integrity this is by honesty demonstration mutual trust and commitment to JetBlue improvement. The company is ranked tenth in the United States airline by traffic. The company top management is made up of CEO ( David Bager), Rusell Chew and President &COO, Chief Financial Officer, Executive VP and CAO( Edward Barnes), head of legal department and Ex. VP of corporate affairs( James Hnat), Sr VP of customer services(Rob Maruster). Problems/ strategic issues Labor unions contract has been the major complication that the airlines are facing. The labor unions objective is maximizing the welfare of the members thus they end up taking a long period of time negotiating for better remuneration of the members. If the results of the negotiation are below the e xpectation of the labor unions the labor union officials may result in requesting their members to participation in industrial action The cost of fuel and consumption has been rising annually this has been due to increased number of flights and increased oil prices. The level of obesity as also contributed to the high cost of fuel and consumption. ... A chart showing increase in price per gallon A table illustrating increase consumption of fuel as at 31st December 2008 2007 2006 Number of gallons consumed 453000000 444000000 377000000 Total cost of gasoline $1352000000 $929000000 $752000000 Terrorism has been a concern in air security in the United States the congress has taken charge for airlines security.in November 2002 the transportation security administration (TSA) took charge of all the airports. The (TSA) installed detectors of explosives in the airports. Almost all airlines worldwide experience delays in their flights, for one reason or the other. Some of reasons attributed to the delay include, airport congestion, flight maintenance, bad weather conditions, unsafe environment and emergencies on the tarmac. Financial analysis of the company Analysis of the company financial statement is essential in order to ascertain the financial soundness of the company. Under this section we will carry out a ratio analysis in order to analysis the financial health of JetBlue Airways Corporation. Profitability analysis Profitability analysis assist in determining whether the firm has the ability of generating profits on the funds invested. The gross profit margin for the company in April 2009 was 26.18%. This is an indication of the firm returns on costs, as compared to the industry it shows that the firm sales have the highest capability in the industry of generating sales, since the industry gross margin is 22%. Liquidity analysis The company has quick ratio of 0.82 while the recommend ratio is 1:1, therefore, this figure is shows that the company can be able to meet its current obligations as the fall due. This led the

Write a detailed marketing strategy for WizzAir low cost airline Essay

Write a detailed marketing strategy for WizzAir low cost airline - Essay Example It is projecting its investments in technology to provide safety and comfort for the low-cost traveler. Thus, it is differentiating the brand Wizz Air as an excellent quality, reliable, punctual and friendly airline. This differentiation is manifested in terms of its aircrafts technical quality and ambience, people, promotions, business processes, logos and all communications. With such a market strategy, Wizz Air hopes to maintain its leadership position and be seen as the best low cost airline. Wizz Air started its operations in 2004 with a seed capital of 34 million Euros. Within six months it became one of the leading low-cost airlines for the Central and Eastern European region. Wizz Air had carried over 1.9 million passengers in 2005, thus showing a 300% growth. It has carried a over a record 3 million passengers within 2 years It operates through flights from Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, Croatia, Slovenia and Romania, and from 5 bases in the CEE - Katowice, Warsaw, Gdansk in Poland, and Budapest in Hungary. It plans to open another base in Bucharest, and has a target to carry 4.5 million passengers in 2007. It flies to 50 European destinations on 56 routes. The airline has been acknowledged as the largest low-cost airline, and the second largest airline of Poland by the Polish Civil Aviation. It was also chosen as the Best Airline of Hungary within 5 months of operations in Hungary. CEO of Wizz Air, JÃ ³zsef VÃ ¡radi, was awarded Brave Innovator’ by the Earnest&Young foundation. Wizz Air has a 15% market share of the Plolish airline market, with a 67% increase in its Polish passengers in 2006. It has a fleet of 9 Airbus 320, which are known for their operational efficiencies. (wizzair.com, 2007) The airline industry in CCE is experience a time of intense competition. There are a number of low-cost airlines that have entered the market, and the market is growing at a slow rate. This

The elasticity of copper investigation Essay Example for Free

The elasticity of copper investigation Essay In my preliminary experiment I learned that I needed a wire which could withstand the weight of at least 1kg, but also would effectively extend enough to see the significant change. I decided to use the wires with a diameter of 0. 31mm and 0. 27mm. I also decided to use at least 1kg of weights because some parts of the wire may not be all the same so they could be thicker and hold more weight or thinner not take that much weight at all. I think the temperature will be almost the same always, so there is no need to worry about it. I will need to repeat the experiment twice for each wire for greater accuracy. Specialist Apparatus These are equipment, which make the experiments results more accurate and in turn the youngs modulus. Uncertainties I had uncertainties because, I could not control or keep constant the temperature, so the wire may have extended or contracted. To calculate the strain I had to measure very small extensions of less than 1mm, this was quite difficult, because I did not have specialist equipment to measure length so I had to rely on human decisions, which meant there were always going to be errors. I also had to calculate the stress, therefore I had to use a micrometer to measure the diameter of the wire. Analysis The table shows that more mass or Newtons means that there will be more extensions to the original length. To get youngs modulus I used y = mx+c so I could get an average of it for each ruler. I used the equation: stress over strain to get youngs modulus, which was the gradient in the graph. E. g. 4. 11E+03/5. 82E-04=7. 06E+06 To get the other equations, I used theory from secondary data, which is above in the background information. To get my results I used specialist equipment; such as the micrometer, which is accurate to 0.01 of a millimeter, the uncertainty is 0. 005mm. I also used a metre ruler with mm marking for accuracy, the uncertainty is 0. 5mm. The graphs show that stress is proportional to strain as the points are near the line of best fit, also going through the middle. My graphs show that stress is proportional to strain, also stress is proportional to force and strain is proportional to the extension. As you can see from my prediction I drew a graph of stress against strain and this is correct because as you can see from the real graph it basically follows the same curve. From my stress-force and strain-extension graphs I do not need to draw error gradients because they are so accurate and because their R2 value is very close to 1. Trend line: A graphic representation of trends in data series, such as a line sloping upwards to represent the average. Trend lines are used for the study of problems of predictions, also called regression analysis. R-squared value: An indicator from 0 to 1 that reveals how closely the estimated values for the trend line correspond to your actual data. A trend line is most reliable when its R-squared value is at 1 or near 1. It is also known as the coefficient of determination. Evaluation The uncertainty of the extension is 0. 01cm (0. 01/1. 7)*100 = 1. 7% The uncertainty of the length of wire is 0. 001m (0. 001/1. 760)*100 = 0. 05% The uncertainty of the diameter of the wire is 0. 01mm (0. 01/0. 31)*100 = 3. 1% To ensure I had a safe experiment I wore safety goggles, also setup the experiment in the centre of the table. I made sure that the clamp stand was firmly placed on the floor so that it wouldnt wobble and affect the results taken down. I tried to keep my eye level in line with the marker measurements to rule out parallax error. I took many results down to have accurate results and averaged them. The reason for the line of best fit not going through the origin there may have been due to systematic error. This may because there was friction on the pulley, to remedy this problem grease could be used. Also the ruler was not long enough for the whole wire to be measured so the 2 rulers may be disjointed, so to remedy this problem I would need a longer ruler. Also the taught wire may not be horizontal to the pulley when tied to the clamp so the wire is longer than it can be measured, to solve this problem I used a wooden block, but it wasnt enough. The main two measurements that contributed to youngs modulus were the diameter and the extensions as they were used to calculate the stress and strain. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Electricity and Magnetism section.

Role of Women in China versus America :: essays research papers

Different cultures promote widely variant ideas of the proper role and place of women within a society but I am discussing women in China and America. Is there something significant in the similarities and differences on my list? The American women are totally different from the Chinese women. American women enjoy more personal freedom and independence than women in many other parts of the world. In many places in the world, women are expected to hold marriage and children as their primary goals and interest. Margaret Walsh stated that ?the main activity of these women was domestic, during later stages of frontier development, many were involved in activities such as prostitution? (241). In America, a woman is just as likely to decide that her education, for instance, needs to be completed before she can consider marriage or family. ?In America the women have taken the role of the men, the men the women, and the children are the heads of the households? (Currie 71). I feel that the men should take on their own role because the women should be able to work also even though some people say that a woman?s places is at home cooking and cleaning. The role of women in China has changed dramatically, from one servitude and repression in ancient China, to one of equality in modern China. China women were sometimes subject to their father but when they got married they were subjected to obey their husband without and questioning. ?This study considers family development and attitudes toward motherhood in light of changing roles of women in China. The effects of revolutionary events and government policies on marriage and the traditional family are presented based on interviews conducted in China and a review of the literature? (Hare-Mustin and Hare 67-82). I think that women in any culture should have the same role because it seem like China women have no freedom. Some women went to night school, or worked at the factory until laws were passed to equalize women under the law.

Characteristics of the effective counselor Essay

I ‘d like to acknowledge the wonderful help that I received from one of the finest professors at Liberty University Online. I am very grateful to you, Dr. McCarthy, who provided me with the much needed suggested improvements and gave me the tools to complete this research paper. Thanks! Abstract The characteristics that make up an effective counselor are the personality traits that really define the counselor. Several leaders in the field of counseling have listed many of these personality qualities; self confidence, high energy level, optimistic, sense of humor, neutrality, flexibility, emotional stability, risk-taking experience, analytic thinking, creativity, enthusiasm, honesty, sensitivity, hope, self control, awareness, and knowledge. The research compiled in this paper confirm that it’s the richness of the personality that builds the effectiveness of the counselor. Being an effective counselor requires forming not just a solid relationship with your client, but an emotional experience, where the counselor works with the client in a supportive role to recognize and move through challenges as the goals are achieved. It’s the counselors and not the psychotherapists that must allow an emotional alliance and empathetic responses to their client’s issues. Overall, the most important personality qualities in any effective counselor seem to center on warmth, genuineness, compassion and empathy. These are the traits that will be addressed the most in this paper. These four traits seem to provide the purest motivation and seemingly guide the direction of the moral compass within the most effective counselors. The biggest obstacle is identifying how to increase these ideal qualities in oneself as a counselor. The answer seems to lie in a consistent daily practice of mind-body-medicine and self-care. Characteristics of the Effective Counselor Overall it’s the relationship that influences the therapeutic outcome and it’s the counselor’s personality and character that determine the depth and effectiveness of the therapeutic alliance with the client. Counselors that know themselves benefit their clients the most â€Å"†¦the single most important factor in effective counseling is the person-hood of the counselor, regardless of education, training, theoretical orientation, or counseling technique.† (as cited by Clinton, 2002). The personality and character of the counselor is the single most important variable, more important than the therapeutic techniques applied. Effective counselors possess a myriad of personal qualities that transcend their theoretical orientation and therapeutic techniques (Clinton, 2002, p. 185). In order to cultivate the best personhood, or personality of an effective counselor, the issue of identifying what these attractive characteristics or qualities are and how to increase and expand upon them becomes paramount. The combination of qualitative and quantitative measurement tools reflects the overall measure of effectiveness of a counselor. Body Effective Characteristics The classic works of Carl Rogers (1957) identified the need for presence, congruence, empathetic understanding and unconditional positive regard. Above all, he stated the importance of congruence by means of compliance between ideal self and actual self in his personality theory. The third condition is that the therapist should be, within the confines of this relationship, a congruent, genuine, integrated person. It means that within the relationship he is freely and deeply himself, with his actual experience accurately represented by his awareness of himself. It is the opposite of presenting a facade, either knowingly of unknowingly (Rogers, 1957, p. 97). The idea is to bridge the gaps in all directions, to include the therapeutic alliance gaps that separate the counselor from the client. The idea is to remove all disconnect and just experience each experience as a true and  authentic experience, without judgment and without preconceptions. Present moment awareness requires the therapist to take note of the elements that make up each experience, such as sensations, thoughts and feelings. Acknowledgment of these experiences without feeling the need to react or fix anything is critical. The Golden Triad The Golden Triad, or â€Å"therapeutic triad†, is one invaluable concept of effective counseling characteristics and lays down a solid benchmark for counselor’s to emulate and implement. The Golden Triad consists of the high display of warmth, genuineness, and empathy that effective counselors exude with their clients. The therapist’s persuasiveness, level of attention, understanding, support and encouragement all impact the results of the therapy with the client. It’s not just therapist’s ability to foster a positive relationship with the client, but specific needs and expectations for improvement must be met for the client (Clinton, 2002, p. 185). Frequently, genuine responses require more self-reflection and mindful attention. Self-reflection promotes awareness of feelings and knowing the appropriate moment to convey them to a client. Cultivating Empathy and Compassion The majority of counselors who ascribe to the values of holistic humanistic or existential approaches are less likely to avoid experiencing compassion and empathy as they enter and experience their client’s worldview, so that they can become vulnerable and understand how he/she experiences their world (Bowen & Moore, 2014, p. 18). Although the ability to be vulnerable with clients can yield both negative effects such as compassion fatigue or positive effects such as compassion satisfaction, it’s critical that the qualities of compassion and empathy are made readily available to the client in a balanced and careful manner. Being in a state of mindfulness helps to produce more balanced responses of empathy and compassion, without minimizing therapeutic presence (Campbell & Christopher, 2012, pg. 221). In order to help cultivate the many beneficial characteristics of an effective counselor, such as compassion and empathy, certain practices  should be implemented daily. Mind-body practices such as Yoga, Mediation, Qi Gong, etc. bring awareness and acceptance and help to foster a therapeutic and empathetic presence. The ability for a therapist to be present enhances the therapeutic relationship and promotes healing. The mindfulness presence increases the awareness and acceptance of their own inner experience as well as for the experience of the client (Campbell, 2012, pg. 222). Awareness and Acceptance This combination of awareness and acceptance seem to encourage less reactive behavior, by nonreactively recognizing thoughts, emotions and sensations as they arise. This practice also helps to communicate experiences and to be more present to their client’s inner experiences and sufferings in the same moment-to-moment awareness, which additionally helps clients express their body sensations and feelings. Mindfulness practicing therapists learn how to take their minds less seriously and not feel as though they needed to do something when feelings such as anxiety emerge. These mindfulness practicing therapists could also maintain a therapeutic connection with their client and become less reactive to their struggling client’s experiences, rather than sensing their own inadequacy and need to be in control (Campbell, 2012, pg. 221). The counselors freely chose if or how they were to respond to counter-transference. One choice is by acting as observers and just notice without judgment and without trying to suppress reactions to what was happening in the present moment. This mindfulness seems connected to an ability to tolerate silence and wait through it, allowing new experiences to emerge and genuine encounters to occur. This mindfulness presence allows clients to begin to experience their therapist as individual witness in the midst of their own vulnerability (Campbell, 2012, pg. 223). The Essence of Therapeutic Presence According to Rogers, three components exist in attempting to capture the essence of therapeutic presence: being open and available to all aspects of the client’s experience, being open to one’s own experience in being with the client, and having the capacity to respond to the client from the  experience. This therapeutic presence is more of a state of being rather than of doing and the beneficial influence of mindfulness extends to all participants in the therapeutic relationship (Rogers, 1957, p. 98-99). Two elements related to therapeutic presence that deserve repeating are attention and empathy, which have been shown to increase through mindfulness practice. Many practitioners of mindfulness report increases not only in attention and empathy, but in awareness, patience, focus, compassion, responsiveness, the ability to handle strong emotions, and less defensive, judgmental and reactive. (Campbell, 2012, pg. 213) One last concept to point out is that being in present moment awareness with the client occurs on four main levels; spiritually, emotionally, physically and cognitively and requires a deep knowledge of oneself, which can usually be attained through a consistent life-long commitment of integrating a daily exercise routine of mindfulness practices into a demanding schedule. These daily practices may not only induce relaxation states, but can profoundly alter our relationship to ourselves and our minds (Campbell, 2012, pg. 217). Conclusion To summarize, the most important tool that an effective counselor has is themselves. The characteristics of an effective counselor are directly related to the counselor’s personality and client relationship. Some key personality traits of an effective counselor are compassion, empathy, awareness, acceptance, warmth, genuineness as well as a congruent and fully integrated individual. One of the most effective approaches in which counselors can cultivate and nurture those qualities can be found in a daily mindfulness practice, which helps to maintain a more solid moment-to-moment awareness as the client experiences the world and the counselor maintains the role of present, nonjudgmental witness. With a consistent and daily practice of mindfulness exercises, the therapist begins to live more in the moment and less in a reactive state. By working continuously towards self-mastery and self-actualization, counselors can provide the therapeutic presence that positively impacts their clients’ growth and well-being. References Bowen, N., & Moore, J. (2014). Common Characteristics of Compassionate Counselors: A Qualitative Study. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 36(1), 17-29. Clinton, Timothy, and George Ohlschlager. Competent Christian Counseling. Vol. 1. Colorado Springs: Waterbrook, 2002. 184-186, 570-574. Print. Campbell, J. C., & Christopher, J. C. (2012, July). Teaching mindfulness to create effective counselors. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 34(3), 213+. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA297915507&v=2.1&u=vic_liberty&it=r&p=AONE&sw=w&asid=dc53ce42d985ee78066b8600c33ca82c Rogers, C.R. (1957). The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 21,95-103. doi:10.1037/h0045357

Types of Economic Activity

Types of economic activities 1. Primary industry * First stage in the production process * Major employer in poor countries * Involves the exploitation of natural resources * Includes activities such as agriculture, mining, fishing and forestry * Products are of low economic value * Products are either food for human consumption (e. g. fish) or raw materials for other economic activities (e. g. rubber for the tyre industry) 2. Secondary industry * Second stage in the production process * Also called the manufacturing industry Involves processing raw materials from the primary industry to add value to them* Products are of higher economic value than those of the primary industry * Output is either a final product (e. g. computer) or a part of the final product (e. g. microchip for the computer) 3. Tertiary industry * Involves the provision of services to companies or final consumers * Includes the financial services, health care, education and tourism sectors * Contributes more to the economy as a country becomes more developed * People are the main resource * Output is of high economic value Economic development in the Caribbean The capital city is usually the single prosperous core while the hinterlands are less prosperous * Large and successful industries tend to be located in and around the capital * The rural areas will have fewer and less successful or even declining industries * Governments have set up industrial estates in poorer areas to reduce the income disparity* Disparities in economic wealth between Caribbean countries have made integration difficult * Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) is a small group formed within the CARICOM to help with the economic development of member states Measuring economic development . Gross Domestic Product (GDP) * Total market value of goods and services generated within a country over a given period 2. Gross National Product (GNP) * Total market value of goods and services generated by a country’ s citizens, both domestically and overseas, during a given period Primary industry: Forestry * The art, science and practice of studying and managing forests and plantations, and related natural resources* Guyana and Belize have significant forestry industries * Trinidad and Tobago, Dominica, St Lucia and St Vincent also have substantial forest resources * Jamaica, Barbados and Haiti have almost epleted their forest resources Tertiary industry: Tourism * Provision of services to people who travel to and stay in places away from their place of residence for leisure purposes or otherwise * Generates income for a country through the sale of domestic goods and services to tourists and the employment of its people in tourism-related businesses * Major contributor to GDP * Accounts for more than 60% of the GDP in countries such as the Bahamas, Jamaica, Antigua and Barbuda, and the Netherlands Antilles Earns 90% of the foreign exchange for some countries Major tourist destinations in the C aribbean (2005)Destination | Total tourist arrivals | Destination | Total tourist arrivals| Anguilla| 62,084| Grenada| 98,244| Antigua & Barbuda| 245,384| Guyana| 116,596| Aruba| 732,514| Jamaica| 1,478,663| Bahamas| 1,514,532| Martinique| 474,126| Barbados| 547,534| Montserrat| 9,690| Bermuda| 269,576| Puerto Rico| 1,449,785| British Virgin Islands| 337,135| St. Lucia| 317,939| Cayman Islands| 167,801| St. Vincent & Grenadines| 95,505| Cuba| 2,319,334| Suriname| 144,899| Curacao| 222,070| Trinidad & Tobago| 460,195| Dominican Republic| 3,690,692| US Virgin Islands| 697,033| Case study: Tourism industry in Jamaica Jamaica has a strong global presence * The country is noted for its excellent beaches such as Negril and Doctor’s Cave in Montego Bay.* It is also known for the Dunn’s River Falls, YS Falls, river rafting on the Rio Grande, cliff jumping at Rick’s Cafe and many other attractions. * Tourism earns the country up to US$970 million a year in foreign exchan ge * The industry is well developed compared to other Caribbean countries. Activities occur both day and night throughout the year with something to interest everyone. Physical factors influencing the tourism industry in Jamaica 1. Climate Warm and sunny throughout the year * Attracts people from cool temperate regions such as the northern parts of the US * Tourists can enjoy the beaches all year round 2. Natural resources * White sandy beaches * Clear seas rich with marine life * Beautiful scenery (e. g. Blue Mountains) * Lush vegetation * Wide variety of flora and fauna 3. Proximity to markets * Near to Canada, the US and Europe, which are where the bulk of the tourists come from * Travel to Jamaica is relatively cost-effective and time-efficient for these tourists Human factors influencing the tourism industry in Jamaica

Mysticeti Definition and Facts

Mysticeti Definition and Facts Mysticeti refers to the baleen whales - whales that have a filtering system made up of baleen plates hanging from their upper jaw. The baleen filters the whales food from the ocean water. The taxonomic group Mysticeti is a suborder of the Order Cetacea, which includes all the whales, dolphins and porpoises. These animals may be referred to as mysticetes, or baleen whales. Some of the largest animals in the world are mysticetes. Below you can learn more about whale classification and characteristics of the whales in this group. Mysticeti Etymology The world mysticeti is thought to come from the Greek work mystà ­kÄ“tos (whalebone whale) or possibly the word mystakà ³kÄ“tos (mustache whale) and the Latin cetus (whale). In days when whales were harvested for their baleen, the baleen was called whalebone, even though it is made of protein, not bone. Whale Classification All whales are classified as vertebrate animals in the order Cetartiodactyla, which includes the even-toed ungulates (e.g., cows, camels, deer) and whales. This initially incongruous classification is based on recent findings that whales evolved from hooved ancestors. Within the Cetartiodactyla order, theres a group (infraorder) called Cetacea. This contains about 90 species of whales, dolphins and porpoises. These are further divided into two groups - Mysticeti and Odontoceti. The Mysticeti and Odontoceti are classified to as superfamilies or suborder, depending on what classification system you view. Characteristics of Mysticeti vs. Odontoceti Animals in the Mysticeti group are whales whose basic characteristics are that they have baleen, symmetrical skulls and two blowholes. Animals in the Odontoceti group have teeth, asymmetrical skulls and one blowhole. Mysticete Families Now, lets delve into the Mysticeti group. Within this group, there are four families: Right Whales (Balaenidae), which includes the North Pacific, North Atlantic and southern right whales and the bowhead whale.Pygmy Right Whale (Neobalaenidae), which includes just the pygmy right whaleGray Whales (Eschrichtiidae), which includes just the gray whaleRorquals (Balaenopteridae), which includes blue, fin, humpback, minke, sei, Brydes, and Omuras whales How Different Types of Mysticetes Feed All of the mysticetes feed using baleen, but some are skim feeders and some are gulp feeders. Skim feeders, like the right whales, have large heads and long baleen and feed by swimming through the water with their mouth open, filtering the water in the front of the mouth and out between the baleen. Rather than filtering as they swim, gulp feeders, like the rorquals, use their pleated lower jaw like a scoop to gulp in large quantities of water and fish, and then they strain the water out in between their baleen plates. Pronunciation:miss-te-see-tee References and Further Information Bannister, J.L. Baleen Whales. In Perrin, W.F., Wursig, B. and J.G.M. Thewissen. Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. Academic Press. p. 62-73.Mead, J.G. and J.P. Gold. 2002. Whales and Dolphins in Question. Smithsonian Institution.Perrin, W. 2015. Mysticeti. In: Perrin, W.F. (2015) World Cetacea Database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species, September 30, 2015.Society for Marine Mammalogy Committee on Taxonomy. 2014. List of Marine Mammal Species Subspecies. Accessed September 29, 2015.

A Short Quiz About Parallel Construction

A Short Quiz About Parallel Construction A Short Quiz About Parallel Construction A Short Quiz About Parallel Construction By Mark Nichol What’s wrong with these sentences? They each have syntax that creates an obstacle to clear understanding of the relationships of words or phrases to others. Revise them, and then scroll down to see my annotated solutions. 1. â€Å"People do not go outside their homes after dark, saying they fear muggers and police looking for bribes.† 2. â€Å"Marc Antony was not to be depicted as a monster, but as a love-struck fool.† 3. â€Å"People no longer seem to care about owning movies, are decreasingly interested in going to the movie theater, and studios seem to be betting on the fact that the format, not the actual movie, is the selling point.† 4. â€Å"The company apparently wastes very little money on lobbying and political contributions- nor, obviously, on a public relations department.† 5. â€Å"He founded and ran the trade journal from 1987 to 1991.† Answers 1. â€Å"People do not go outside their homes after dark, saying they fear muggers and police looking for bribes.† Explanation: The original sentence construction implies that residents fear being shaken down for bribes by muggers and police. A confusing sentence structure is sometimes clarified by reversing the order of the listed items, but â€Å"they fear police looking for bribes and muggers† only replicates the problem; now, the concern is identified as police on the lookout for both extortion opportunities and hoodlums. However, giving the police objectives equal weight muddles the sentence’s meaning. Introducing parallelism inspired by the previous phrase â€Å"they fear both muggers and police looking for bribes† is better but still somewhat awkward. A superior solution is to use the correlative conjunction â€Å"not only† and its companion phrase â€Å"but also,† which not only provides logical syntax but also strengthens the sentence’s impact by introducing the mundane followed by the unexpected: â€Å"People do not go outside their homes after dark, saying they fear not only muggers but also police looking for bribes.† However, the original solution offered above does so most simply. 2. â€Å"Marc Antony was to be depicted not as a monster but as a love-struck fool.† Explanation: This syntax resembles the correct form of the â€Å"not only . . . but also† construction alluded to above. However, the phrase â€Å"was not to be depicted as a monster† works only if it is juxtaposed with an independent clause: â€Å"Marc Antony was not to be depicted as a monster; the intent was to portray him as a love-struck fool.† Otherwise, the solution is to poise not directly after the verb (depicted), rather than before it, so that the alternatives are represented in parallel, one preceded by â€Å"not as† and the other following as. (The as before â€Å"a monster,† sundered from not, does not logically convey the opposing idea of the as before â€Å"a love-struck fool.†) 3. â€Å"People no longer seem to care about owning movies and are decreasingly interested in going to the movie theater, and studios seem to be betting on the fact that the format, not the actual movie, is the selling point.† Explanation: This sentence expresses three ideas: movie ownership, interest in viewing movies in theaters, and studio perception that format is more important than product. But structurally, it implies that all three ideas will pertain to what consumers want. The presence of the third, studio-centric idea, however, means that the subject â€Å"people† pertains only to the first two ideas, which need to be linked with a conjunction, not a comma. (The studio idea is expressed in an independent clause.) Therefore, this is not an â€Å"a, b, and c† sentence, but an â€Å"a and b, and c† sentence. 4. â€Å"The company apparently wastes very little money on lobbying and political contributions. (It also, obviously, spends nothing on a PR department.)† Explanation: Nor is associated only with negative expressions: â€Å"Neither you nor I is responsible†; â€Å"I didn’t get to see the movie, nor did I want to.† This sentence, though it refers to a company policy of minimalization of funding for certain activities, does not include a negative expression, so nor is incorrect. For it to be appropriate, the entire sentence would need to be cast in a negative sense, as in â€Å"The company apparently doesn’t spend very much money on lobbying and political contributions- nor, obviously, on a public relations department.† But perhaps the clearest revision is one that divides into separate sentences the comment about contributions from the one about public relations. 5. â€Å"He founded the trade journal in 1987 and ran it from its launch to 1991.† Explanation: The sentence structure implies that the consultant founded the trade journal during the given span of years as well as running it during that time, but founding occurs at a point, not along a time continuum, so the two actions founding and running need to be separated into distinct syntactical elements. But if you are editing this sentence, rather than writing it, and don’t know the facts firsthand, you need to confirm the founding date; the founder didn’t necessarily run the journal from the beginning. (They might have taken the operation over from someone else who was originally in charge.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Types and Forms of HumorTry to vs. Try andWhile vs. Whilst

I love you Rosa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

I love you Rosa - Essay Example An 11-year old Jewish boy’s love for his young, widowed sister-in-law! A writer-director can do more justice to the strength and originality of the movie than a professional director. For, a writer-director puts his heart and soul of the story, in the minutest details of direction. A religious theme has been tackled in a professional style without bias, fear or favor. He doesn’t bind the viewer and causes stress, with tension-producing interpretations, of religious revelations. â€Å"His story, unfolded mostly through a flashback, derives from the tenets in Deuteronomy on the duty of a man to marry his brothers widow as well as those involving the widows rights if shes refused. His hero, even under ancient law, is too young to marry, but he jumps at the chance to live with the sister-in-law he adores despite the opposition of his family and the taunts and attacks of friends and neighbors.† (Movie Review†¦.) The strongest character is the determined widow. Notwithstanding the ridicule and criticism she faces by the community leaders, she sticks to her position, she understands the affection of the 11 year young boy, but rejects him as her husband. Rosa, who has a progressive outlook, is not interested in either child-rearing or remarriage. Her rejection is strong and humiliating for the boy as she shoos him away. The boy still loves her and his sacrifice for his love is genuine, (they say, true love doesn’t expects to be loved back), he frees her from her religious commitment. In the end, she decides to marry him. The main characters in the movie are, Michal Bat-Adam, is the stalwart Roza, Gabi Otterman does the role of the boy torn apart and confused by tough and difficult-to-challenge religious beliefs. Avner Chezkiyahu is the understanding and affectionate rabbi, Yosef Shiloah is the widow’s suitor and the boy’s employer, who is trying to take undue advantage in a difficult

Policy Implementation and Application Assignment

Policy Implementation and Application - Assignment Example It is important for you to note that, the current ethical standards have brought ethical behavior in our organization to the forefront of public consciousness. Today after getting knowledge of the past, and getting to know the role played by ethics in running a business, the question is no longer, whether ethics is vital, but how to maintain the ethical behavior in an association. I wish to notify you that, how you handle customer related issues as the mangers and leaders of the organization, determines the size of our customer base. I therefore, wish to make an appeal that you exercise the courteous behaviors at all times in handling the issues poised by our esteemed customers at all times. I wish to reiterate to you that, in today’s community, individuals do not at all times do what is right, they may be right aware that doing certain things will bring greater consequences that they would not like but go ahead and perform them. It is, therefore, your responsibility as the le aders of ECG to make sure that the organizational culture supports the ethical conduce and social responsibility. As the ambassadors of our company, you must be the voice that individuals look to, to understand what they are up to at all times. I wish to reiterate that as the top leaders and managers of ECG, you are expected to alleviate vices that are detrimental to the success of our organizational activities such as harassment, discrimination, and abuse of office. You are expected to uphold professionalism in running the affairs of our company at all times. Various aspects of the company such as recruitment and promotion of personnel warrants stringent adherence to the laid procedures. You are expected to recruit personnel into the company with respect to merit and competence. Discipline is paramount at ECG and thus, as the leaders and managers of the organization; you are expected to identify the errand members of the organization, hence subject them to disciplinary measures acc ordingly. It is important for you to note that the conduct of the employees under your respective capacity as leaders depends on your respective management styles. Concerning this, therefore, I appeal for your close monitoring of the organization’s employees to ensure that they adhere to the stipulated rules and regulations. I wish to inform you that, as the leaders and managers of ECG in various capacities, you ought to make it a continual habit to treat every worker fairly. It is important for you to note that fair treatment of the organization’s employees dictates their level of commitment to the activities of the organization. Therefore, try to win the confidence of the employees under your respective leadership at all times whenever you are attending to their needs or interacting with them. Try to inculcate good morals and sense of hard work in all employees at all times. I wish to let you know that, the manner in which the ward of tenders at ECG is done, contrave nes the recommended procedures. I therefore, call upon the members who sit in this committee to portray high professionalism and integrity while handling all the affairs related to the progress of the. Kindly, note that, the ethical dilemmas can cause effects to association’s reputation, and its financial performance. You are expect

Report outline Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Report - Outline Example g cart into the UK will assist the marketer or company on whether there are factors that will play a role in achieving the business plan or it will highlight the obstacles that will act as a barrier in bringing an American hot dog cart into the UK (Griffin, 2010, 161). PEST analysis will be significant in measuring the growth or plan of bringing an American hot dog cart into the UK. It will highlight the political, economic, social and technological factors that may influence both negatively or positively the plan of introducing the cart into the UK market (Griffin, 2010, 161). The 4Ps will assist in marketing the cart into the UK markets as they will provide both the marketer with information regarding the product, price, place and promotional strategies used by to capture the markets (Cowan, 2012, 61). It will involve market Penetration into the UK market. Secondly, there will be market development of the product in the UK. Thirdly, there will product development of the American hot dog cart into the UK market. Lastly, the American hot dog cart will be exposed through a stage of diversification to improve on the carts used for transporting hot dogs (Dransfield, 2004,

Genetically Modified Plants And Animals Biology Essay

Genetically Modified Plants And Animals Biology Essay The genome of both animals and plants has been altered for many years through various traditional breeding methods and organisms with favourable characteristics have being artificially selected to breed successive generations. These methods, however, have been limited to naturally occurring variations. Recent advances in genetic engineering have made it possible for scientists to precisely control any genetic changes introduced into an organism. Genes from one species can, through genetic engineering, be incorporated into an entirely different species. Any organism which has had its genetic material altered is defined as a genetically modified organism (GMO). The definition states that a GMO includes any living organism that possesses a novel combination of genetic material obtained through the use of modern biotechnology. It is important to note that in the case of humans, even if they have had their genes altered as a result of, gene therapy for instance, they are not considered to be GMOs. A major purpose of the field of genetics is to classify genes according to their function. The scientific study of genes in living organisms can be separated into three different strategies. The first two, which analyse natural variation and random mutagenesis, are the primary methods of forward genetics where the genotype of an abnormal phenotype is studied. In the case of random mutagenesis, it is often difficult to trace a phenotype back to a specific gene as many chromosomal loci are simultaneously targeted. Thus a third type of research strategy, reverse genetic techniques, has been developed in the past three decades. This method, where a specific gene is modified and the phenotype is subsequently investigated, provided tools for the research of gene function in a targeted manner. Among the most frequently used animals are Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly), Caenorhabditis elegans (nematode) and Mus musculus (house mouse), and plants Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco), Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) and Triticum aestivum (common wheat) which have each been essential for the identification of genes implicated in aging, cell differentiation, development, and other significant biological functions. Transgenic rats are of great importance in neuroscience as they have been extensively used in behavioural paradigms (Abbott 2004) while recently, the first transgenic primate disease model, for Huntingtons disease, was created (Yang et al. 2008). Research has progressed through the use of various techniques. One of these techniques is the loss of function method where an organism is modified so that one or more genes lose their activity. This method has allowed researchers to analyze defects caused by particular mutations and has been extremely useful in identifying the function of a gene. Another method is the knockout experiment which involves the creation and manipulation of a DNA construct in vitro. In a simple knockout, this construct contains a copy of the required gene which has been slightly changed to lose its function. The modified gene is then taken up by embryonic stem cells, and it replaces the organisms own gene. These stem cells are then injected into a blastocyst which is implanted into a surrogate mother. Furthermore, the gain of function method is frequently performed in conjunction with the knockout method so that the function of a desired gene can be more finely identified. The process is very similar to knockout engineering, but in this case the construct amplifies the function of the gene, by adding extra copies of the gene or inducing more frequent synthesis of the protein. Information on the localization and interaction of a protein can be obtained through tracking experiments. In this method the wild-type gene is replaced with a fusion gene, which is a combination of the wild-type gene with a reporting element such as Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP). The reporting element allows visualization of the products of the modification. Moreover, expression studies can display the time and location of the synthesis of the protein. In this technique the promoter is reintroduced into an organism but the coding region is replaced by a reporting element or an enzyme catalyzing the production of a dye. A further advancement in expression studies has been the process promoter bashing, where the promoter is altered so as to find which pieces are crucial for proper gene expression and are bound by transcription factor proteins. The use of these, and other, methods to investigate critical questions in genetics has become standard practice. In particular, GMOs have been essential for 1) Identifying a genes function and any molecular elements related to it; 2) Creating models of human diseases; 3) Determining and confirming drug targets and specificity and 4) Investigating chronological aspects of gene function. 1) Identifying a genes function and any molecular elements related to it Targeted mutagenesis has been used extensively in the field of neuroscience. One of the very first groundbreaking experiments using targeted mutagenesis was carried out by Eric Kandel at Columbia University. Using the tetracycline inducible system, they expressed a calcium-independent form of the calcium dependent kinase, calcium-calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII), which is specific for the forebrain. They also observed a decline in spatial memory and hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP). This major breakthrough displayed how both temporal and spatial control over molecular elements can help to identify the function of a particular gene and its role in brain function. Plant modification techniques have been invaluable tools for genetic research. Through the use of these methods, geneticists have gained detailed knowledge on the function of specific plant genes, their expression and the properties of the proteins they encode. One important trait that has been studied using transgenic plants is plant mechanical strength, which has an agronomic significance. Transgenic rice from the Indica variety was used to elucidate the molecular mechanism controlling the mechanical strength of crops. Mutations on the BC1 gene, which is expressed mostly in developing sclerenchyma cells and vascular bundles, were introduced into rice and resulted in a decrease of cell wall thickness and cellulose content and an increase in lignin level. This suggested that BC1 has a vital role in the biosynthesis of the cell walls of mechanical tissues. 2) Creating models of human diseases Another significant use for GMOs is the development of models for human disorders. This can be done by introducing a mutated gene or eliminating a gene which has a putative role in the disease. GMOs have been tremendously useful in modelling a wide range of illnesses, especially in the field of neuroscience. These include Alzheimers disease (AD), Huntingtons disease, cerebral ischemia and neuropsychiatric disorders. AD, for instance, is characterized by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles formed by hyper-phosphorylated tau protein and by amyloid ÃŽÂ ²-peptide (AÃŽÂ ²) plaques. Mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP), apolipoprotein E (APOE) and presenilin 1 and 2 (PS1, PS2), have all been shown to have a role in the disease. Research on transgenic mice has indicated that an overexpression of APP and PS1 causes AÃŽÂ ² plaque formation and leads to memory deficits, which are both symptoms of AD. The significant role of GMOs in testing potential causal mechanisms o f human disease is consequently highlighted. Recently, researchers at The University of Western Ontario working with scientists in Brazil used a unique transgenic mouse line to discover a previously unknown mechanism causing heart failure. The study showed that if the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which decreases cardiac activity, is reduced the probability of heart failure increases (ScienceDaily, 2010). Fundamental discoveries made first in plants have been central in our understanding of human biology, specifically cells, genes, molecular chaperones, transposable elements, programmed cell death, and gaseous hormones. Research on  genetically modified A. thaliana has helped in the identification of genes involved in human disease.  Scientists have shown that eighty-eight genes on chromosome 5 of A. thaliana are very similar to the 289 genes linked to human disease syndromes which have been established for comparison with D. melanogaster. As the majority of these are also greatly conserved between D. melanogaster and C. elegans, A. thaliana biology can be modified and used as a model to increase our knowledge of human disease. Many of these genes encode proteins which have a conserved function. For example, DNA excision repair genes (linked to xeroderma pigmentosum) and ATP-dependent copper transporters (linked to Wilsons and Menkes disease). In the latter the A. thaliana homolog ue is more similar to the human homologue than to the D. melanogaster or C. elegans counterparts. 3) Determining and confirming drug targets and specificity The development of genetic models for diseases has greatly assisted in drug discovery and in identifying drug targets. Genetic modification can be extremely specific, for instance removing a gene which codes for a particular receptor subtype. This specificity ensures almost complete selectivity and is thus preferred to classical pharmacological approaches. For example, through the use of both the knock-in and knockout methods scientists can examine the function of receptor subtypes. Specifically, transgenic mice have been used to establish the purpose of specific GABA receptor subunits in the diverse actions of diazepam. Diazepam, a benzodiazepine, acts on GABAA receptors which consist of ÃŽÂ ±1-, ÃŽÂ ±2-, ÃŽÂ ±3-, or ÃŽÂ ±5- subunits. The mice where modified to carry point mutations in the benzodiazepine receptors of each of their subunits, and the investigators were thus able to genetically separate the distinct functions of diazepam (e.g. sedative or anxiolytic) acting at otherwise similar GABAA receptors. Plants are very significant as novel therapeutic drug leads. Nicotine, the main biologically active compound in N. tabacum, binds to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nicAChRs) in the central nervous system (CNS) to produce a wide variety of biological effects. The nicAChR family consists of receptors made of ÃŽÂ ²-subunits and a series of structurally varied ÃŽÂ ±-subunits. The differences in the ÃŽÂ ±-subunit amino acids and in the subunit composition create variations in the receptors binding site and give the members of this receptor family unique drug specificity. Through the use of transgenic N. tabacum it was demonstrated that a significant number of the plants contained compounds that are selective for brain receptors linked to the a7 nicAChR. Compounds which have this selectivity are of particular interest as drugs that act on these receptors may be useful to treat degenerative brain diseases such as AD. 4) Determining and confirming drug targets and specificity In addition, GMOs have been used to analyse second messenger signaling pathways and also to determine vital developmental timing of gene function. The latter was demonstrated by using a tetracycline inducible knock-out of the serotonin 1A receptor. When the receptor was knocked out during development, it caused the knockout mouse to experience increased anxiety. When the receptor was knocked out in adults, however, the anxiety levels were normal. It was thus shown that the 1A receptor is associated to a developmental factor necessary for normal emotional behaviour. Transgenic plants have also been effectively used to analyze regulated gene expression, as the expression can be investigated at various stages and in different tissues. The environmental factors that influence gene expression and that have been studied in transgenic plants include temperature, light intensity, anaerobic stress, and wounding. The development of flowers requires the collaboration of specialized tissues. Research was carried out on transgenic petunia to determine the genes controlling the development and differentiation in the flower. By analysing the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene, which is found in high concentrations in flowers, the researchers were able to identify an upstream region that is responsible for the tissue-specific and developmentally regulated expression. Conclusion In summary, this technology has played a considerable role in genetics. The most common applications of GMOs in the field of genetics have been highlighted: dissecting biological mechanisms, modelling human diseases, discovering and validating pharmaceuticals, and investigating crucial time windows in gene function. While there are many other types of approaches for creating GMOs and many other uses for these organisms, the role of GMOs in genetics has being the main focus, as the impact on this field has been substantial. New approaches to creating and using GMOs are continuously being developed, including adjustments and combinations of the discussed techniques, which will surely further impact genetics.

Hamlets Childish Behaviour and Contempt of Others :: essays research papers

Hamlet identifies with an adolescent of the 1990’s more than he does with the youth of his own time. Hamlet is immature, sarcastic, depressed and takes action during the heat of passion which is very much like the behavior of the youth in the 1990’s. Love, control over action, and the ability to overcome depression are just a few ways to prove maturity. It is obvious Hamlet loves Ophelia in his own way â€Å". . . the celestial and my soul’s idol, the most beautified Ophelia . . .† (Hamlet. II, ii, 109- 110), but his way is not mature enough to include trust toward his lover. The trust that Hamlet should have given her was the key of his madness. This madness that Hamlet cannot trust his love with is the same madness that he loses total control over because of his immaturity, it then causes him to do things, such as kill Polonius, that a person that was mature could stop. The madness that Hamlet assumes is understandable but he can never get over the actual death of his father by still wearing black a year later, and the hasty marriage of his mother to Claudius. Compared to Horatio who is calm and cool throughout the play, and Fortinbras who collected an army to fight for his uncle’s land and honor, Hamletâ⠂¬â„¢s maturity level for his time is low, especially for being a prince. Today Hamlet’s age group is more immature than during his own time so he relates to the youth of the 1990’s better than he does with the adolescents of his own time. Sarcasm, and blunt rudeness is often used by Hamlet in order to offend people that, during his time, he should not have offended. Hamlet often used the hasty marriage of his mother to offend Claudius. The first time that Hamlet offends Claudius in the company of another person is when Claudius is supposed to be helping cheer Hamlet up. â€Å"A little more than kin, and less than kind.† (Hamlet. I, ii, 65) is just as rude during Hamlet’s time as almost anything that a person could say today, it just takes a little thinking for the people of today to get what Hamlet means. The second person that Hamlet is openly rude to is Polonius. Hamlet, in front of Claudius and Gertrude, insults Polonius by calling him â€Å". . . a fishmonger.† (Hamlet.

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The old view (historians in the 1950's) was that NAZI Germany was a â€Å"totalitarian† state. Hitler was the all-powerful dictator. Orders flowed downwards from Hitler. The system of government was like an efficient, well-oiled machine. Recent research by historians (1970's/80's) now disputes this view. It is now accepted that Nazi Germany was NOT a â€Å"well-oiled machine†. It was more like a medieval court – with a king (Hitler) surrounded by powerful barons (his leading subordinates). The barons constantly battled with each other.The king stayed above this conflict, occasionally backing one side or the other. The best way to get a decision was to get to Hitler personally. His orders, when he bothered to issue them, were all that counted in the last resort. This was a chaotic way to run a modern country. It was certainly NOT â€Å"totalitarian†! Historians are currently disputing these issues: 1) Some historians argue that despite the above â€Å"chao s†, Hitler's will still counted above all else. Hitler was such a CHARISMATIC leader that he did not need to issue clear orders, but everyone knew, or could guess, what he wanted.In practice veryone in government tried to carry this out. This is the â€Å"intentionalist† viewpoint. Things happened inside Nazi Germany because Hitler them to. 2) Other historians say many decisions were taken inside Germany without Hitler's will. People in government had to get on with the Job. Often Hitler Just had to accept what they had decided to do. This is the â€Å"weak dictator† interpretation. It is also sometimes called the argument: that the structures of government, not Hitler's intentions, decided many issues. 3) Other historians argue that Hitler governed Germany in the way he didThey argue it was a good way to â€Å"divide and rule. † While the â€Å"barons† were busy scrapping with each other, Hitler's power would never be challenged by any of them. 4) A different point of view is that Hitler really WAS a â€Å"weak† dictator. He was indecisive so he tried to put off making decisions. The details of government work bored him. He preferred foreign affairs. So he left the boring day-to-day business of governing Germany to others. He only got involved when he had to, for example to settle disputes between his â€Å"barons. â€Å"

Poverty in the United States Research Paper Essay

Today, â€Å"the number of people in the U.S. who are in poverty is increasing to record levels with the ranks of working-age poor approaching 1960s levels that led to the national war on poverty† (â€Å"Poverty in the United States,† 2012). When looking at the increasingly important issue of poverty in the United States, one cannot help but wonder how this will affect future generations and the stability of the nation as a whole. In order to fully understand the problem at hand, poverty must first be defined, have the causes and effects of it examined, look at it from a world-wide perspective, and then consider how it will affect the future of the United States. The goal of this document is to bring to the readers attention the potential consequences of ignoring poverty in the United States and motivate them to do something about it. â€Å"Poverty is the deprivation of well being that occurs when people cannot satisfy their basic needs† (â€Å"Poverty,† 2012). There are two kinds of poverty: absolute poverty and relative poverty. Absolute poverty, or destitution, refers to the lack of basis needs such as food, water, clothing, shelter, health care, education, and the necessary supplies to live hygienically (â€Å"Poverty,† 2012). When poverty is measured in relative terms, it is defined contextually by the median income of where people live (Smeeding, 2006, p. 71). Relative poverty does not imply that that the person is lacking anything, just that they are living below a certain level of income (â€Å"Poverty in the United States,† 2012). For example: a person with an annual income of $150,000 living in a neighborhood with an average annual income of $500,000 is relatively poor even though they by no means lack the ability to provide the basic essential needs outlined by absolute poverty. Both types of poverty vary from location to location, but absolute poverty tends to be more of a universal definition while relative poverty is strictly dependent upon the Running head: POVERTY IN THE UNITED STATES 3 location in which a person lives. â€Å"Since the 1960s, the United States government has defined poverty in absolute terms. When the Johnson administration declared ‘war on poverty’ in 1964, it chose an absolute measure. The ‘absolute poverty line’ is the threshold below which families or individuals are considered to be lacking the resources to meet the basic needs for healthy living; having insufficient income to provide the food, shelter and clothing needed to preserve health† (â€Å"Poverty in the United States,† 2012). â€Å"A 2001 poll in the United States asked: ‘In your opinion, which is the bigger cause of poverty today- that people are not doing enough to help themselves out of poverty, or that circumstances beyond their control cause them to be poor?’ Responses were nearly evenly split between ‘people not doing enough’ (48 percent) and ‘circumstances’ (45 percent)† (Iceland, 2006, p. 70). There are many speculations as to what the causes of poverty in the United States are and studies show that the main causes are both social and economic, both of which will be discussed here. Problems leading to poverty in the United States include family status, the level of education of the head of household, age of the head of household, and race. â€Å"In 1991, 8.3% of children in two-parent families were likely to live in poverty; 19.6% of children living with father in single parent family; and 47.1% in single parent family headed by mother† (â€Å"Poverty in the United States,† 2012). That means that an average of 33.35% of children coming from a single parent family are likely to live in poverty compared to a mere 8.3% of children living in the traditional, two-parent, family. Another great factor leading to poverty is the level of education of the head of household. â€Å"Studies have shown that people who invest in their education or skills can expect higher incomes† (Iceland, 2006, p. 70-71). Obviously, income has Running head: POVERTY IN THE UNITED STATES 4 a direct correlation with poverty as it is in the essence of its definition. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, â€Å"the median earnings of household headed by individuals with less than a 9th grade education was $20,805 while households headed by high school graduates earned $40,456, households headed by holders of a bachelor’s degree earned $77,605, and families headed by individuals with professional degrees earned $100,00† (â€Å"Poverty in the United States,† 2012). In 2009, households headed by individuals age 15-24 averaged an income of $30,750 annually, while households headed by individuals age 25-34 averaged $50,188, and households with a head age 35-44 averaged $61,083 (â€Å"Poverty in the United States,† 2012). Along with this study, there were no indicators as to what the primary cause of this was; however, it’s possible that work experience and additional education may be factors. While this is more of a combination of a social and economic factor to poverty, it is more of a social one because it deals directly with the head of household. The factor related to poverty to look at is race. In 2003, the poverty rate amongst African Americans in the United States was 24.4%, almost double the national poverty rate of 12.5% (Iceland, 2006, p. 81). This could be due to the oppressions of society through racial discrimination or profiling, or simply the effects of the oppression that once was- slavery and the racist discrimination of the early 20th century. â€Å"Poverty increases the risk of homelessness† (â€Å"Poverty,† 2012), and children who grow up in low income families have less of a chance to get a good education and attempt to better themselves and their income (â€Å"Poverty,† 2012). With this in mind, it makes sense that the African American community makes up a large majority of the poor in the United States. Their beginnings in this nation were the lowest, poorest conditions of anyone in that day. Many believe that they simply have not been able to Running head: POVERTY IN THE UNITED STATES 5 climb out of the hole they were placed in to when they were enslaved back in the 1700’s. â€Å"Another factor that contributes to higher poverty rates among African Americans is human-capital skills differentials. This refers to differences in average levels of education, quality of educational opportunities, and subsequent work experience. The gap in average levels of education has declined over the past few decades. Nevertheless, the quality of schooling received by children varies widely, and African Americans are more likely to attend inferior schools with fewer resources† (Iceland, 2006, P. 84). Attendance to schools with fewer resources is a direct result of their economic situation, which causes the poor to stay poor in this case. Another example of race being a factor of poverty in the United States can be seen when observing the hispanic culture. In 2003, the Latino poverty rate was at 22.5%, just below that of the African American community (Iceland, 2006, p. 85). This is in large part due to immigration, as â€Å"immigrant families are at greater risk of poverty than nonimmigrant families† (Iceland, 2006, p. 85). Also, â€Å"in places with many immigrants, the competition for low-wage jobs also appears to drive down wages for these immigrants† (Iceland, 2006, p. 86). For as much as Americans focus on equal opportunity and not discriminating based upon race, it would appear that poverty does discriminate based upon race and does not provide all races with equal opportunities in the United States. Obviously there are exceptions, and not everyone who grows up in poverty stays poor. Nonetheless, there is still a trend of minority races having higher poverty rates in the United States. â€Å"21% of all children in the United States live in poverty; about 46% of black children and 40% of Latino children live in poverty† (â€Å"Poverty in the United States,† 2012). Now that the factors leading to poverty and effects of them have been examined, it is time Running head: POVERTY IN THE UNITED STATES 6 to look at poverty from a world-wide perspective. Mahatma Gandhi said, â€Å"Poverty is the worst form of violence.† All across the world, this violence is real, and to many, a way of life. The poverty line is much lower in some other countries due to an uneven distribution of wealth. In the USA, the wealthy middle class brings the median up and causes the poverty threshold to be higher. However, different factors such as the level and trend of poverty and inequality amongst nations, along with considerable detail on the sources of market incomes and public policies are used to compare poverty levels from nation to nation (Smeeding, 2006, p. 69). With that said, absolute poverty is much more rampant in some other countries than it is in the United States. For example: in 2008, of the estimated 1.29 billion people living in absolute poverty, 400 million of them lived in India and 173 million lived in China. That’s almost half of the world’s poor living in just those two countries, while the United States hosted just 39.1 million. Everyone reacts to their circumstances in a different way. For example: â€Å"in Zimbabwe, a number of girls are turning to prostitution for food to survive† (â€Å"Poverty,† 2012). Some turn to violence or steal to get what they need to survive. For many Children living in poverty, their lives are deemed a failure before they are ever given a chance to succeed. â€Å"Research has found that there is a high risk of educational underachievement for children who are from low-income housing circumstances† (â€Å"Poverty,† 2012). In some countries, young children can be seen begging in the streets for money. As Abraham Maslow showed in his hierarchy of needs, when people don’t have their basic needs- food, water, shelter, safety, comfort, etc.- it can be very difficult to focus on much more than those. For children living in absolute poverty, these are the very things that they seek after on a Running head: POVERTY IN THE UNITED STATES 7 daily basis. The number of homeless children in America rose from 1.2 million in 2007 to 1.6 million in 2010 (â€Å"Poverty,† 2012). Children are the future of this great nation. If so many are forced to grow up in sub-par circumstances without the necessary tools and opportunities to be successful, how can the United States fulfill its potential as a nation. Poverty rates are on the rise once again. It is everybody’s responsibility to do something about it. Give what can be given. Feed the homeless. Care for them. Provide the poor with an opportunity to better their lives. â€Å"Give a man a fish and you’ve fed him that day, teach a man to fish and he can eat for the rest of his life.† Sometimes all that needs to be given is a little bit of time and energy to reach out and attempt to better someone else’s circumstances. In this paper, poverty was defined, the causes and effects of poverty were examined, it was looked at from a world-wide perspective, and the long term effects of poverty in the United States were considered. People can never know what they are truly capable of until they truly apply themselves. Just because poverty has always been an issue in the world does not mean that it always has to be. Take it from a man who spent his life serving the poor and trying to better the world around him: â€Å"be the change you wish to see in the world† -Mahatma Gandhi. Running head: POVERTY IN THE UNITED STATES 8 References Poverty. (10/6/2012). Wikipedia. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty. Poverty in the United States. (9/24/2012). Wikipedia. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_States. Iceland, J. (2006). Poverty in America: A handbook. Berkley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press. Smeeding, T. (2006). Poor people in rich nations: The United States in comparative perspective. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 20(1), 69-90.