National economic policy

On the issue of the global war on terror there are various effects which come along with the paying for the long-term war on terror. The huge amounts spent on this kind of war are spent through the government, through the private and other indirect means in the economy and these costs will need to be paid in the years to come.The policy or programs recommended addressing the likely effects of paying for the war on terrorWorld trade organization The world trade organization as an international organization promotes liberalization by encouraging all the nations to lower their existing trade barriers. In addressing the issue of the global war on terror the world trade organization has a mechanism by which it settles and also resolves various disputes without the result of any costly trade wars. Since the United States is a member of the world trade organization the country’s markets have been liberalized (William D. Orpheus 2002)Social securityThe social security program is highl y recommended in addressing the likely effects of war on terror. This ensures that the country has provided its citizens with the security that is needed against the attacks from the country’s enemies. Through the social security program the American citizens are given internal as well as the external security and they are also made to feel very safe in their own country.This is achieved by the continual; manning of the country’s entry points such as the airports and the sea. Ports. On the other hand there is lot of surveillance in the country and this prevents any possible attacks from the terrorists. The social security fund similarly ensures that the social welfare of the country’s citizen is well catered for and the citizens are well aware of their social security in terms of their social welfare. (U.S. Department of Justice 2002)Medicare and Medicaid spendingThe Medicare and also the medic aid spending are also recommended in addressing the likely effects o f paying for the long term war on terror. This provides the soldiers and also those who are involved in the war on terrorism a cover on their medical spending.The long-term financial strategy and the unique fiscal challenges of paying for the long term war on terrorThe American national security highly depends on the country’s financial security. There has been a revolutionary war debt in America and this and this has been a very huge threat to the nation’s creditworthiness and also its very existence. There has been an establishment of various financial principles in order to further secure the country. The country has been borrowing a lot so that it can pay for the war in Iraq as well as the short sighted tax cuts in the face of the long term war on terror which has been running against the American tradition thus placing the country into a security peril. (Daniel McGinnis with Suzanne Smalley 2003)This has led the American government to further realign its economic policies on the country’s taxes, the social security, Medicare, and also the country’s oil dependency so as to safeguard the American liberty as well as its future. The need to pay for the war on terror in America has driven the country to a financial innovation the American common duties for instance have often fallen off with the existing hostilities and this has further led to the increased reliance on the consumption and also the excise taxes.This has highly cut the civilians demand and freeing up the war resources but it has been very burdensome on the poor Americans. On the other hand the taxes on the businesses in America and also the wealthy people are very popular however they do not this do not reduce the consumption in the country and they also discourage an energetic investment in the country’s war industries. If it is broad based the financial debt can cement the support on the war but if it is not then it could lead to a class of creditors who have excessive political power.The shortsighted fiscal policyThe forging of the American fiscal policy has not been very simple since most of the American president’s have been frequently facing the congressional resistance to the country’s massive tax and its borrowing requests on several occasions. It has been found that the fiscal policy can not be only about the raising of very huge sums of money even though this is very important for the country as it addresses the issue of war on terror. But the fiscal policy could also be about finding several ways in resolving the country’s internal differences so as to unite the country behind the war effort as well as maximizing the productive output in the country’s economy.The American fiscal policy is short sighted since it is viewed by large portions of the country’s populations as unfair since the methods employed by the political leaders for securing funds for the war are also not fair. This will howeve r make the efforts for the support for the war to greatly suffer. On the other hand the methods used to raise money for the war on terror have weakened the country’s economy and also the country’s foundation of the military power.America has been faced with a major challenge of financing the war on terrorism since the long war has been fought is being fought in parallel with the ground wars which are prolonged in Iraq and also Afghanistan. The fiscal policy will limit and also prevent the government’s ability to pay for the threats of the catastrophic attacks from the country’s unknown enemies. This is because the policy has led to the elimination, postponement or even the reduction of funding for the low priority domestic projects so that there can be room for the high priority military spending in the budget.How to successfully prosecute the global war on terror while at the same time meeting the growing cost of retirement and the healthcare benefitsThe American leaders can successfully prosecute the global war on terror while at the same time meet the growing cost of the population’s retirements and the healthcare benefits of all the Americans. This could be achieved by finding ways which meet the crucial security needs while at the same time addressing the country’s healthcare costs of the aging population and the escalating retirement benefits.The country’s administration should adapt a long-term fiscal strategy which will allow for such needs to be met. The country’s budget on the other hand should encompass and also as set aside some amounts of money which will cater for the social security demands, together with the healthcare benefits and the growing costs of retirement for the aging population in America. Similarly the strategy should include more thorough prioritization on the allocation of the country’s resources.This will allow the curbing of the non essential spending in the country. On the other hand there should be a tax policy which will help in the avoidance of the country’s chronic deficits. Similarly the American government should adapt fiscal policies and strategies which will match the payouts in the prerogative programs at a closer look to the money which is flowing into the country. (Robert D. Hormat. 2007)The country should also reduce its dependence on the on the foreign capitals as this aggravate s the financial threat which is facing America as a nation. So that there could be a successful prosecution on both the war on terrorism and at the same time meeting the growing cost of retirement and the healthcare benefits the fiscal policy should be consistent and not in any way undermine the American national security.Reference:William D. Orpheus (2002): Iraq, The Economic Consequences of the War.   New YorkReview of Books, December 5,U.S. Department of Justice. (2002):   Explanation of the Process for Computing Presumed Economic Loss. Retrie ved fromAccessed on 12th December 2007Daniel McGinnis with Suzanne Smalley (2003): Now Families Face the Cost of War.Newsweek, April 21, 2003, p. 11..Robert D. Hormat. (2007): The Price of Liberty: Paying for Americas Wars. Published by Henry and Holt Company

Comparing Gods and Goddesses Essay

Years ago, women did not have much power as they do now. Women sat back and took orders from their husbands. Whatever is asking of them to do the women would have to carry out the order with no feedback and nobody jesters. Women were more humble to men and they listened and believed whatever men told them. All women knew how to do was to be a homemaker. Women did not have a problem with staying home cooking, cleaning, ironing, and taking care of the children. Women kept everything in order at home. The one thing women did not do in the home years ago was keep track of the bills. The men did the bill back then, because they were the ones bringing home the money. When it came to spending any money for the house or for the children, the man was in charge. Women were to let the men know what was needed and they will go out and get it. Today women are different; Women are more attractive and keep themselves up. Women do not stay at home and take care of the children. The women today work, go to school, take care the children, and the home. The men today are taking the back seat. The women are in control. In some households, the women are telling the men what to do. The women today have power. To the children the women can fix anything. The men sometimes have the same thoughts. Many look up to the women. The women can heal the sick and feed the hungry and cloth the naked with very little money. Zeus a Greek God had a daughter by the name of Athena. Athena was the Greek Goddess of wisdom. She is fair, strong and very merciful to all. Athena was independent and didn’t rely on anyone. She was also known as one of the three virgin goddesses. Athena was the type of women who didn’t worry about being romanced by a male. She wasn’t concerned with marriage either. To refer back to today’s culture; Athena is what you call a, â€Å"career woman. † She was always busy doing something. The modern women today are all work and no play. Greek goddess by the name of Artemis was as strong as an ox. She doesn’t need a male to protect her. Artemis is the defender and guardian of all women in childbirth. She also loves the wilderness. So she protects those women too. Artemis dislikes men because they are of no use to her. She isn’t interested in getting married either because she feels that it takes away from a women’s freedom. So Artemis is very close to her female friends. They walk the forest together all the time. Unlike Athena, Artemis doesn’t really care to deal with the city life. She would rather be in the wilderness with the animals. Even though Artemis disliked men, she allowed the young boys to come and learn new things at her sanctuary. So she wasn’t as bad as the people thought she was. She was just a strong minded woman who loved nature. She loved being outdoors. Artemis is a great defender to all. Unlike Artemis, Athena wore a helmet and walked around holding a shield. She was rational and very intelligent. She was wise and a peacemaker. She is powerful and strong like Artemis. She defends her people in war but is also a peacemaker. Artemis is young and beautiful and wears leaves to cover her body. She doesn’t cover her legs. The costume that she wears could possibly cause problems with the Greek gods because of the way it looks. She feels that her costume represents sacrificed animals. It could represent breast and fruits also. But goddess’s views were very different from the Gods. Gods are usually described in terms of the various sociopolitical roles that they fulfill. † The function of the god myths are to explain phenomena to fasten a culture, record and pass on historical events, set example for people, and set behavior standards for generation to follow. Natural phenomena’s like thunder, lightening, miracles, and seasonal changes are all associated with god myths. God myths explain these phenomena’s that people find hard to understand. For example, the Myth Persephone and Hades started by the Greeks to explain winter and why it happens. Myths of the gods and are also created and function as explanations for happenings after death occurrences of certain miracles, and the creation of the Earth. Function of myth is to justify and validate the ritual practices and cultic celebrations. At time myth are also etiological in its function, in trying to explain the causes of certain customs and practices or how a particular name of the place originated. In traditional societies myth has an educational value, it was used to introduce or stress a particular moral value. People needing to believe is a common element in all society if you get people to believe in what you are saying the will follow. Myth by nature depicts a time period that is usually a remote past, in which gods and goddesses are the chief characters. A myth usually points to an unknown transcendental reality in symbolic form. It has a tremendous psychological impact on the listeners as it makes the listeners almost believe that those things really happened. Religious people have sacred narratives, call myths, which explain how things got the way they are. Proverbs and legends escribe wisdom and phenomenal exploits â€Å"in ordinary, profane time,† myths portray the work of spiritual power in arranging the existing order â€Å"in primordial, sacred time’ (Loewen 1969b, 150). National myths describe how tribes and nations came into being. Deity myths recount relationships between humanity and divinity: Spirit myths depict the origin and functions of lower spiritual beings. Sickness myths reveal ancient sources and causes of illness. Cosmic myths describe the origin and cause of catastrophic events, such as earthquakes, lightning, thunder, drought, rain, and eclipses. Describe the elements and function of god myth just depends on the cultures and what they have been told to believe. Just like us as human we are taught to believe what we have been taught from generation to generation from our ancestor something are believable and something’s just are not but they are not question. God is often portrayed like a person who is outside us. He controls the world from outside like a king controls his subjects. He is often called Superman who moves the earth and the heaven. God is in control of the female and male divine culture. The female and male divine possess different elements and functions starting in early era of time and carried in today’s era. The male is considered the stronger, aggressive, masculine and brutish image. The female is cunningly, not weak with an inner strength voice that speaks to her soul. The male divine is the protector of the house, the provider, and control the needs of the household. The male divine only cater to his needs and not respect the female desires. The early eras of life the female was expect to stay at home and take care of the house, children, and male and not enter the working world. Society today has changed whereas the female is working and supporting the family needs and stills mange the household. Although society has continued to change the male divine found switching the roles play by staying at home and supporting the family needs. The role play has impact a different outlook on life in the male divine. Technically the female and male divine is different hormones, brains functions, and the heritance of traits from family heritage. The female is strong minded in varies subject and aspect that affects the controlling of the household. The male divine still does not grip the concept that the female divine is powerful and put here to help support the male divine in every aspect of life. Female divine are to walk beside and not behind the male. The both female and male are difference in appearance that how the attraction for each other beginning. The outer appearance attracts male to female leading to companionship. The male looks to the females to ease the discomfort with compassion, understanding, stroking the bad feeling to make it better but the opinion of the female seem unimportant to male at the first sign of the situation. Yet the male has to make a step backward to say the female opinion is right. The male ego is a huge quest for the male to let down his guards. The female and male divine continues to live in harmony and depend on the different ideas and opinion that each possess and strive for completeness. When the male and female learns to share, communicate, listen, and willingness to share the solution of all concerns coming up with right decision as one. Female and male should not be in competition for seeing who the better person is. Throughout history the elements and function has not change for the female and male divine it just seem to adapt along with society principles of what society anticipate. Female and male divine has many elements and functions to help stay focus on the various barriers of life by adapting to society changing society. Finally, the male and the female divine share the same functions. They both are in authority to give orders, and many people look up to them both. They know life will bring different kinds for issues to endure, but they are willing to go throw and handle them with the proper approach. The male and the female divine are just alike concerning their children, and being there for their children. If mom is not available, the child will turn to their dad. The male and the female are valued. They are both beautiful people with values and power they both share. They give and take orders from each other, and other people. They both share a desire to love one another, and the male divine loves beautiful, smart women can stand on her on and fix life-changing problems. The woman wants the same values in a man. The elements and functions shared by the female and the male are on going from generations to generation.

Introduction to Practical Life Essay

* The purpose of Practical Life is to help the child gain control in the coordination of his movement, especially development of the hand`s coordination. â€Å"The hands are the instruments of man’s intelligence†. Maria Montessori- The Absorbent Mind. The fine muscles coordination is closed connected with the child`s conceptual development. As Dr. Montessori quoted it: â€Å"The human hand allows the mind to reveal itself†. Practical Life activities help the child to gain independence and enables him to correlate his own physical, psychic and moral desires: * Physical desire to move and exercise growing limbs * Psychic – to perfect the movements Moral – to become useful and helpful to the other. The area of Practical Life aids the growth and development of the child’s intellect and concentration and will in turn also help the child develop an orderly way of thinking. In addition, Practical Life initiates in the child respect and love for any work, steps for creative art and helps the child to perform the activities of daily life with joy, skill, and grace through which he is attaining perfection. In an ideal situation, Practical Life would be located near the entrance to the classroom, as a link between home and school and a basis for the curriculum. Beautiful area: color coded, beautiful flowers, paintings, vases†¦ to draw child to Practical Life. Concentration: The child will be given uninterrupted work time to help him to develop the ability to concentrate and an opportunity to develop good work habits. He/she will learn to observe, organize, analyze, and problem solve. Concentration leads to normalization, enables the child to focus on work, and increases his attention span. The child who laboriously scrubs a table and attends to the details of their work is laying the foundation for calm effortless concentration levels for creative thought patterns. Coordination: The child will be encouraged to develop and refine large and small muscle control. He/she will be given the opportunity to coordinate bodily movements. Eye-hand coordination will be a major goal in many activities. Attention to movement is not instinctive but planned voluntary actions. Repetition provides the child with opportunities for perfecting these movements. Independence; The children will develop independence through the mastery of themselves and their environment. The skills learned in Practical Life serve as preparation for success in all other areas of the classroom. We all want to be masters of our own fate. The independent activities we adults take for granted are major hurdles in the child’s drive for independence. Order: The Montessori classroom provides the child with real and purposeful work. The environment helps the child to develop a sense of Order. The internal Order is absorbed and learned from the external order. Sequential steps in the work expand the child`s memory. Dr. Montessori observed that children need order at a specific sensitive period in their development. If not provided during this period the opportunity is foregone. The child is systematically categorizing their world. Thus, a routine is very important as well as a place for everything and everything in its place. A sense of calm provides the child an opportunity for orderly self construction. A Positive Self-Concept and Self-Confidence: A child who can do for himself and help others has a good self-concept. The interest work, consistent classroom rules, and respectful teacher responses help the child develop inner discipline and self-control. Practical Life activities encourage the child to develop effective socialization skills. He learns to contribute to the class community and to build friendships. On the other hand, the indirect aim of Practical Life is to develop the child`s fine motor movement, which involves the body, intellect and will. These indirect aims are, for example, eye-hand coordination, pincer grip, whole hand grasp, preparation for writing, exercise and co-ordinate body movement. Movement is so important for the young children; children need to move. â€Å"Through Movement, he acts upon his external environment and thus carries out his own personal mission in the world. Movement is not only an impression of the ego but it is an indispensable factor in the development of consciousness, since it is the only real means which places the ego in a clearly defined relationship with external reality. † Maria Montessori, The Secret of Childhood, New York Ballantine Books, 1966. Dr. Montessori believed that the Prepared Environment was integral to a child`s development. The Montessori classroom is a child-centered community, designed to facilitate maximum independent learning and exploration. Here, the child experiences the blend of freedom and discipline to act and develop along the lines of his own nner direction- physically, mentally and spiritually. In the Prepared Environment there is a variety of activity as well as a great deal of movement. No object is taught in isolation; the work is interdisciplinary and interactive. The prepared environment has seven basic components: 1) Freedom: within limits, freedom to say â€Å"no thank you†, freedom to talk, to choose, of movement, to be alone, to be with friends. 2) Structure and order: Inherent in environment; fully arranged and proportioned for the child and divide into various areas such as Practical Life, Sensorial, Math, Language, etc. in shelving: left to right, simple to complex, within the tray, etc. ; routine of day. 3) Reality and nature: plants, animals, natural containers. 4) Beauty and atmosphere: calm, beautiful filled with nature. 5) Montessori materials: basis of methodology. 6) Development of community life: part of a group, interacting with others in a peaceful manner, taking responsibility for themselves and each other, respecting each other`s differences, abilities, work and work space, and to treat each other with courtesy and dignity. ) Teacher: children can function independently, if just for a moment. Montessori triad: teacher, child, prepared environment. The classroom needs to be prepared to meet the child`s needs: psychic space which should be clean, uncluttered; small nooks for privacy; must provide space for movement; teacher`s role is to create activities that will be self-teaching for the children (control of error: like using wood before glass); set up for success. In a Prepared Environment, you would notice three main guiding ground rules: respect for self, for others and for the environment. All practical Life Activities are directed to these ground rules; therefore, the numbers of rules should be kept to a minimum, likewise, concise and easy to understand and presented in a positive manner. These ground rules are the criteria needed to maintain freedom for self as well as for others. They promote freedom through independence. In a Montessori classroom, the Practical Life lessons provide to the three year olds the opportunity to spend most of the time to develop skills, concentration, order, and coordination. They prefer to help adults with their activities. They want to use real tools, such as brooms, sponges, brushes, screw drivers, cleaning rags, and other such items. Four years olds will refine their skills and five year olds will be to perfect all the skills learned. Older children are generally in favor for more elaborate activities such as cooking and cross stitching.

Philly Pretzel Factorys C.E.O Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Philly Pretzel Factorys C.E.O - Assignment Example The paper tells that delivering and producing pretzels are some of the tasks assigned. In this job position, the owner of the store Mr. Bill together with the wife struggle to meet the bills. Mr. Bill uses his personal car to deliver goods, leaving pretzels at locations using honor systems hoping that they would be bought by people who consume them. In order to make ends meet, Bill came up with a new pretzel sandwich against the franchise policies. This job requires good marketing skills This job requires daily delivery of pretzels to various locations within the city. They do many rounds per day and going up and down the stairs with boxes. This job requires a strong person who is able to lift and carry heavy boxes several times a day. Both jobs are cumbersome and the organize does offer enough compensation. In both cases, the employees are struggling to make ends meet. In the Franchise job, the couple struggles to pay their bills, such that they use their personal vehicle and invent a new product out of the pretzel, in an effort to make as many sales as possible. The Franchiser says that he had asked for corporate help many times to no avail. Mr. Bill the franchiser complains that he was not taught how to make pretzels and the directions he was given were too vague to understand. This called for various experiments before he could get it right. In both jobs, they are not provided with a medical cover, regardless of how dangerous their jobs are.

A Comparison of Linear and Daily Undulating Periodized Programs with Research Paper

A Comparison of Linear and Daily Undulating Periodized Programs with Equated Volume and Intensity for Strength - Research Paper Example The plants were selected based on traditional medicinal usage and application in alternative medicine. They are Artemisia absinthium, Psidium guajava, Melissa officinalis, and Costus speciosus. As part of the study, methanol bark and leaf extracts were obtained from the plants in different concentrations and exposed to various cancer cell lines for 24 hours. The growth of the cancer cell lines was measured against increasing varying concentrations of the plant extracts to determine the effect of extracts on the growth of the human cancer cells. Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. This year, the number of new infections is expected to increase despite intensified efforts to prevent and manage the disease. One of the new approaches adopted in cancer prevention and management is the use of natural products. Natural products have been used for centuries to treat various illnesses, and they efficacy has been proven in studies examining the lifestyles of native tribes in the United States, Africa, and Latin America. Currently, natural medicines are used in treating around 87 percent of all known human diseases; these include cancer, bacterial and fungal infections, and immunological defects. It is also estimated that roughly a quarter of all prescription medicines in the world are sourced from plants and over three thousand plant species have anti-carcinogenic properties. This paper, therefore, contributes to the development of this research area by examining the cytotoxic impacts of the aforementi oned plants on the growth of human cancer cells. Artemisia absinthium, Psidium guajava, Melissa officinalis, and Costus speciosus have all been analyzed and used for traditional and contemporary medicinal purposes. They have proven their admirable antiparasitic, anti-carcinogenic, antibacterial, and antimicrobial qualities, hence justifying the need for more research on their antitumor attributes. Studies have shown

English Literature Lesson 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

English Literature Lesson 5 - Essay Example hen this culture is overtaken by a stronger or more dominant one while one of the worst, again in my opinion, is Kafka’s â€Å"Letter to His Father.† It is true that Nervous Conditions seems to be written by an immature writer unsure of just what she is trying to say, but this does not automatically disqualify it as having no literary merit. As the story of Tambu is related, the author allows the audience to relax into the character, get to know her from the inside out and to see the world through her eyes. This vision is limited and is presented as such in the novel, which some might view as a weakness, but I view as a strength. By presenting the world through the eyes of a young girl living through the experiences of a third world culture trying to assimilate itself into what they perceive as a more sophisticated and desirable culture, the surprises and observations she makes are very enlightening. The way in which the modern culture affects her family and her life is also illuminating whether one has actually grown up within the modern culture or is experiencing it for the first time. The insights offered, whether intentional or not, into the gender and cultural divide presented fill this novel with a great deal to think about and general issues that affect a great number of people regardless of their upbringing, social condition or experience. By contrast, I felt Kafka’s letter to his father was a work of considerably less quality because of its reduction in universal experience and sometimes confusing use of rhetoric. It is hard to blame Kafka for this failing as he wasn’t necessarily writing for the public but was instead making a bid for his father’s approval and understanding. The ideas contained within this work were not as accessible to the general public, some needing a bit of background information on the author in order to understand, and these ideas were continually being apologized for, which detracted from the piece to a great degree

Research Propasal Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Propasal - Research Paper Example Qualitative data will be derived from a reliable source, which is the population, and this will be through conducting a sample survey. This research will have both theoretical and practical importance. This paper seeks to establish the hypothesis that individuals from rich families are more likely to be kidnapped. The type of crime that will be included in this proposal is kidnapping. During kidnappings, kidnappers unlawfully abduct and detain an individual against his or her wishes or intentions. A crime qualifies to be a kidnapping when an individual is unlawfully taken or moved to a different location without his or her consent. In most case, kidnappings are usually carried out with the objective of terrorizing the victim, asking for ransom, or influencing a political decision in exchange with the kidnapped person. Additionally, in many situations, children are largely the victims, although, adults too at times usually find themselves victims. Kidnapping is an offence, which according to law, has been categorized into degrees in relation to its magnitude (Hart & Zandbergen, 2009). The best type of research that will be applied when approaching the problem of kidnapping is descriptive. Through descriptive research, the important variables; dependent and independent will be established, which will aid in conducting the research. The descriptive research will start by exemplifying the problem, conducting a literature review, developing a research tool, identifying the population and sampling, data collection, and thereafter analyzing the data. This research will take on quantitative method, which will aid in testing the hypothesis scientifically. Qualitative data will be derived from a reliable source, which is the population, and this will be through conducting a sample survey. The data will be analyzed with the aim of establishing whether they correlate or associate with

Action Potentials and The Cardiac Cycle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

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Natural Law Jurisprudence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Natural Law Jurisprudence - Essay Example Jurisprudence implies creating a body of law and methods for interpreting the law, studying the relationships between law and society, and predicting the effects of legal decisions . It is the science or philosophy of law. It applies to substantive law and to the legal system in general. It is based on the fundamental principle of 'just society' which means in a democratic country, all are equal and their rights (personal and property rights) should be protected before law. Judges apply it without favor or fear. Jurisprudence implies creating a body of law and methods for interpreting the law, studying the relationships between law and society, and predicting the effects of legal decisions.(Wikipedia) . The purpose of jurisprudence is to "achieve social order through subjecting people's conduct to the guidance of general rules by which they may themselves orient their behavior" (Fuller 1965, 657). The word ' Teleology is derived from the Greek word 'telos, which means "goal", purpose".(- page : socillogy 3rd ref ). The ancient world was permeated by teleological thought, that is, a belief that everything has a pre-ordained purpose - there's a pattern to the world and to each thing in it . (Socrates, Aristotle, the Stoics - also the Oracle in The Matrix). It is based on the Greek concept of 'eudemonism' which means that people live a satisfying life based on Universal laws. The Greeks viewed the universe as self correcting." The state, like all things, has a certain end. A just state is one that is organized in such a way as to achieve this teleological purpose."( Plato : The Republic)."Within the state, every person has a role or function, and 'just conduct' lies in fulfilling his or her role. "( Aldous Huxley's novel Brave New World). Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas were great supporters of teleology .Whether " Natural Law Jurisprudence automatically lends itself to the teleolo gical approach" In order to analyze this question , first we have to understand the characteristics of Natural law and teleology . Natural Law Jurisprudence has the following distinguishing features which separates it from teleological law . i. Natural law is universal and unchanging - it's always available to legislators, judges and citizens of any jurisdiction in the field of justice - correcting wrongs and distributing goods (Harris) ii. The sources of natural law are customs, usages, case laws and precedents iii. It is discoverable by human reason iv. Natural law attempts to analyze, explain, classify, and criticize entire bodies of law, ranging from contract to tort to constitutional law. v. It commands obedience from people and people obey it in moral sense. vi. In the US and many parts of the world, Natural Law has become very much influential. vii. International law derives its validity from natural law. International Law is based on the principles of Natural law jurisprudence. UN Charter recognizes natural rights, and principles. viii. The formation of the

Create a needs assessment OUTLINE (NOT PAPER) that describes and Research Paper

Create a needs assessment OUTLINE (NOT ) that describes and documents the health status of SMOKING ADDICTION IN COLLEGE URBAN CAMPUSES....(NEW JERSEY CITY UNIVERSITY) - Research Paper Example Furthermore, the environs of the city are surrounded by neighbourhoods where drug peddling is rampant, thus a close proximity for the students to access the substances. 1. In 2012 the rate of drug addiction in universities and colleges in America was estimated at 46.7%, 29.6% among the drug users did not graduate or dropped out of school out of school before completion of their respective courses. 3. The number of learners who utilised illicit drugs went up by 3.4% in 2012; those who drank alcohol increased by 157% as compared to the previous year (Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, 2014). 3. Approximately 4,645 cases of health complications were reported in 2012 as a result of substance abuse 90% of them were related to smoking while the rest use of alcohol and marijuana combined (Gfroereret al.2004). Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. (2011). Results from the 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of National Findings (HHS Publication No. SMA 11-4658, NSDUH Series H-41). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. (2014). 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Methodological resource book. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Gfroerer, J., Hughes, A., Chromy, J., Heller, D., & Packer, L. (2004). Estimating trends in substance use based on reports of prior use in a cross-sectional survey. In S. B. Cohen & J. M. Lepkowski (Eds.), Eighth Conference on Health Survey Research Methods: Conference proceedings [Peachtree City, GA] (HHS Publication No. PHS 04-1013, pp. 29-34). Hyattsville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health

Indwelling Catheters and their Relation To Urinary Tract Infections Essay

Indwelling Catheters and their Relation To Urinary Tract Infections - Essay Example Catheter- associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are caused by bacterial infections (e.g. Escherichia Coli), which is the common bacteria (Lindsay, E. 2001). In our place of practice, which is a nursing home facility, there have been significant increase in the amount of catheter and non-catheter related urinary tract infections in the patients undergoing treatment in the hospital. Research has shown that5% of patients that come to the hospital per day has urinary tract infection. Common endemic infection outbreaks as well as colonization and infection with antimicrobial drug resistant microorganisms have become a common feature within long term care facilities (Lindsay, E. 2001, pg. 205). Catheter associated urinary tract infections entail increased morbidity, mortality and financial costs. The nursing home facility has a protocol in place to reduce the number of UTIs, but it is rarely being utilized, and, therefore the system needs to be modified. CAUTIs can be reduced by rem oving the catheters upon arrival to the facility. Health care professional must assess the patients for the prevalence of UTIs, since this is a very common infection within nursing home facilities. ... Working in a nursing home and rehabilitation (NH/R) sub-acute environment has many challenges deriving from staffing problems, such as shortfall in nurse to patient ratio of 14 to 20 besides the chances of endemic infections. My main concern is the increased rate of urinary tract infections in patients with urinary catheters whether it is from the hospital or in-house (NH/R). In my facility, newly admitted patients from hospitals have or had indwelling catheters. Within 48 hours of admission, a few of the patients have showed signs and symptoms of urinary tract infection such as fever, abdominal tenderness and frequent need for urination with complaints of burning sensation. In such cases, the normal practice is to commence the administration of antibiotics prophylactically after collecting their urine specimens. The elderly are prone to a decrease in fluid intake due to a decline in the thirst mechanism and enhancing the chances of UTI. Urinary Tract Infections are caused by poor as eptic techniques and, therefore, catheters should not be used for convenience but for exclusive medical purposes only. According to the Center of Disease Control (CDC), the appropriate measures for indwelling urinary catheterization are: acute urinary retention, accurate measurement of urine output in critical patients and patients requiring prolonged immobilization, such as unstable spine or pelvic fractures. (Dumont, C. &Wakeman,J. 2010.Pg. 29). I, therefore, encourage charge nurses to discontinue the use of catheters. Studies have shown that infections in long-term care facilities are highly prevalent in the United States. The most frequent infections within nursing homes

Jean Piaget Essay Example for Free

Jean Piaget Essay This case study is on a young girl named Debby. She was observed in a at her parent’s home over the last weekend. She is 3 years of age. She is the only child, and lives with both parents. She has her own bedroom. She loves anything Disney princesses, she also does not like dark colors, bright colors are her favorite and she likes the color pink. She like playing with dolls, playing kitchen, and she told me that her favorite thing was to ride in mummy’s car. Debby dislikes playing trucks and boy’s game, she did not have any problem playing with boys or girls  but while observed at a birthday party, she rather plays with girls, than to play with boys. She also does not like dark colors, bright colors are her favorite. She does go to speech therapy to work on her words as both parents are actively working professionals. Debby is a very fascinating young girl, and it was exciting to do a case study over her. For a child of age four, Debby is very active. Debby is average for her physical development. Debby is physically fit, and enjoys playing with others when. Because she was observed at their at home, some questions were directed to her mother. According to a growth  and weight chart, the average height for a 3 year old girl is 37 inches. Debby is 38 inches in height, and she weighs 36 pounds (CDC growth chart. ) Debby is a very active child. She enjoys running around every chance that she gets. When playing outside Debby can kick, throw, bounce, and catch a ball adequately. She is developing her eye-hand coordination. When asking her to do these tasks, Debby is able to run, she can hop on both feet, and she can jump up and down. She needs more time to get skipping down, but she tries her best. Debby is able to dress and undress herself without assistance. Debby likes the  independence of being able to pick out her clothes that she wants to wear. She is very comfortable using iPad and some other operating electronics in the house. One of her favorite activities to do is to paint and draw. While painting, she likes to make a mess, because she thinks that it is fun to paint with her hands. Debby is in the Pre- operational stage cognitively. Pre-operational stage is from ages 2 to 7, and Debby fits in this category, because she is 3 years old. Cognitively, Debby is in the normal category, because according to develop mentalists she is developing normal for her age. Examples are that Debby knows how to write letters in the alphabet. She knows how to write her name, she just does not know the correct order the letters go in. She is able to count, she is a good listener, and she is becoming interested in how to sound out certain words. These are just a few cognitive abilities, which are normal for 3 year olds. As each year passes, and as Debby continues to get older, cognitively she will continue to progress. Debby’s Language Development is improving. Debby does attend speech therapy. When she talks sometimes you really have to listen hard to what she is saying. When she gets excited  about something, she will start talking really fast, and we have to remind her to slow down. When she gets upset, she will normally start crying, so she is encouraged to use her words to explain what is wrong. Though sometimes, she say something which she means the opposite. Her basic speech problems are annunciation, and getting some sounds confused with one another. For example b’s and d’s. Speech has really helped her, she has only been going for a little over two months, and we can already see a drastic change in her words. On occasions, you will find Debby talking or discussing with herself. According to her  mother, she usually does this when she is trying to figure something out. I enjoyed watching this taking place. I also tried to test her about her memory and recollection. I asked her about what she does on her birthday because her birthday was the previous Sunday. She was able to tell me how mummy took her to the park. Her thinking ability is very superb Cognitively, Debby is s in the normal category for a 3 year old. In the Jean Piaget theory, she is in the pre-operational stage. She loves going to school and also like to try new thing. She is well behaved and according to mum, she always goes around to greet both the teachers and  students alike whenever she is entering or leaving the school. Debby is rapidly developing many social and emotional abilities and skills. Her growth and behavior reflects the abilities that are expected of her age. Debby is developing rapidly and cognitively, she is developing normally. On the issue of Moral development, there are some cases that she knows what is right. She has begun to know right from wrong. She has started to find others opinions of self to be important. Like on Sunday in church after service, their pastor came around to say hello and he greeted he by saying â€Å"what’s up men? † but she replied â€Å"I’m not a man, I’m a girl† everybody there just laugh at the way she responded. She possesses a lot self-controlling and is less aggressive but sometimes uses verbal threats like â€Å"you will be in trouble† or â€Å"I will slap you† but to my understanding, she did not even know the meaning of those words. I enjoyed my case study on Debby. Through it, I was able to learn many penetrating strategies to see and understand if children are progressing adequately, according to their age throughout the early stages of their life. It is crucial that children progress accordingly so they do  not fall behind in school and in life. After doing this case study I now know what tips and signs to look for when deciding if a child is progressing in all aspects of life. Debby compared to an average 3 year old is normal, her age and behavior are well correlated. I am amazed with her memory. I overheard her singing a Nigerian folklore and I asked he to sing it for us again and she did not miss too much from the lyrics. Debby is in Piaget Preoperational Stage as she was able to think about things symbolically and her language use becoming more mature but her still not completely logical. Also, Debby belongs to the Musculo-Anal in the Eriksons Stages of Development because she is self-sufficient in many activities, including toileting, she can feed herself, walking, and her talking is becoming clearer. I really enjoyed observing Debby, it was a great experience and I hope to put it into practice in my field of study. Works Cited Use Of World Health Organization And CDC Growth Charts For Children Aged 0-59 Months In The United States. MMWR Recommendations Reports 59. RR-9 (2010): 1-14. Consumer Health Complete EBSCOhost. Web. 19 Apr. 2014.

Transducers used in the Cardiac Ultrasound Machine.

Transducers used in the Cardiac Ultrasound Machine. Transducers used in the Cardiac Ultrasound Machine. Abstract: Ultrasound imaging depends on the ability of piezoelectric crystals to generate sound when excited with alternating current and the reverse effect of charge accumulation or current flow when such crystals are subjected to pressure from sound waves. The first known ultrasound imaging machine was designed by K. T. Dussik in Australia in 1937. However, despite its widespread acceptance today, medical ultrasound did not develop as rapidly as X-ray imaging. Despite the relatively slow start, medical ultrasound imaging is very widely accepted today because there is no ionising radiation involved and hence the procedure is relatively safe. Ultrasound equipment is also cheaper as compared to X-ray imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, MRI and other techniques associated with nuclear medicine. The procedure involves minimal patient discomfort and is very useful for examining the soft tissues or the developing foetus. A dramatic increase in the number of older patients with chronic he art and valve disease has resulted in a prolific demand for the ultrasound cardiac imaging machines which can satisfy the requirements associated with fast and cost effective measurement of cardiac anatomy or function. One of the critical elements in the medical ultrasound imaging system is the ultrasound transducer without which signal processing and visualisation of the soft tissue images is impossible. Although many naturally occurring substances such as quartz exhibit the piezoelectric effect, lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic ferroelectric materials have for many years been used for biomedical applications because of their superior characteristics for soft tissue imaging.   Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), transducer material has demonstrated advantages as a high frequency receiver. Single or multilayer transducers made of these elements can be used for ultrasound imaging as single transducers operating in A-mode or a two or three dimensional transducer array for B-mode, C-mode or M-mode ultrasound imaging. This brief essay takes a look at transducers for medical ultrasound. The principle of operation of a cardiac ultrasound imaging device is based on the information that is provided by the varying delay times of echoes that are reflected from various depths of the human body tissue as a result of the ultrasound pulses that are generated by an ultrasound transducer being incident on the body tissue. Delay times of echoes from different depths are different and ultrasound is reflected from the interface of different types of tissues. A Doppler shift in frequency is also generated as a result of moving objects and the attenuation of ultrasound waves depends on the type of tissue that the ultrasound wave is travelling through. The ultrasound transducer which is responsible for the generation and detection of reflected ultrasound is, therefore, an essential component of the ultrasound imaging device. Ultrasound transducers work on the basis of the piezoelectric effect in which an alternating voltage applied to piezoelectric crystal material causes the crysta ls to become electrically polarised as a result of the applied electric field and hence vibrate with the alternating voltage to produce sound. Such crystals also become electrically polarised when stress is applied to them and hence any sound waves which are incident on them result in charge accumulation on the crystal surface and hence the generation of an alternating voltage. Thus, an ultrasound transducer consists of a suitable piezoelectric material sandwiched between electrodes that are used to provide a fluctuating electric field when the transducer is required to generate ultrasound. When the transducer is required to detect ultrasound, the electrodes may be used to detect any fluctuating voltages produced as a result of the polarisation of the crystals of the piezoelectric material in response to incident sound which generates fluctuating mechanical stresses on the material. Piezoelectric materials include quartz, ferroelectric crystals such as tourmaline and Rochelle salt a s well as the group of materials known as the piezoelectric ceramics, which include lead titanate (PbTiO3) and lead zirconate (PbZrO3). These materials are also known as piezoelectric ceramics which are used in ultrasound transducers for biomedical applications.Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) is another transducer material which has demonstrated advantages as a high frequency receiver. Piezoelectric ceramics are sold with the brand name PXE by Philips Company and are solid solutions of lead titanate (PbTiO3), and lead zirconate (PbZrO3) which have been modified by additives which are a group of piezoelectric ceramics known as PZT. PXE materials are hard, chemically inert and unaffected by a humid environment. The crystals in a ferroelectric material of which PXE is made up of align themselves randomly in a number of directions. With such a random orientation of crystals, the material will exhibit no piezoelectric effect. In order to have a piezoelectric material which is capable of being used for ultrasound transducers, the material has to be subjected to a strong electric field at high temperatures. This has the effect of permanently locking the crystals in the direction of the applied electric field and making the crystal piezoelectric in the direction of the electric field. Hence, a piezoelectric ceramic material may be converted into a piezoelectric material in any given direction by applying a strong electric field to the material in the given direction at an elevated temperature. This treatment, which is known as poling, is the final stage in the manufacture of a PXE piezoelectric. Metal electrodes perpendicular to the poling axis are deposited on the material so that an alternating electric field may be applied to generate ultrasound or ultrasound vibrations may be sensed by sensing the electric field across the piezoelectric material. The voltage across a piezoelectric ceramic PXE material is usually directly proportional to the applied stress. The construction of a simple, single element piezoelectric transducer is as shown below. The Construction of a Single Element Piezoelectric Transducer Ultrasound imaging in the A-mode directs a narrow beam of ultrasound into the tissue being scanned and the echo which may be displayed on a CRT screen provides a measure of the distance between reflecting surfaces in the body. In the B-scan mode, the echo signal is brightness modulated which makes it possible for information related to tissue depth to be displayed on the screen in a visually effective manner. An ultrasound transducer array operating in B-mode permits a picture of the tissues within a patient’s body to be displayed on a CRT device. M-mode ultrasound imaging presents tissue movement by scanning an A or B – line on a monitor as a function of time and movements in this line indicate movements in the tissues within the body. In C-mode ultrasound imaging a second transducer is used to detect echoes sent out by the first transducer, presenting a 2-D map of the ultrasound attenuation within tissues. Having discussed the principles of operation of a piezoelectric medical ultrasound transducer, it is now appropriate to consider the practical problems associated with the construction of such transducers. This is done below. The Design of Ultrasound Transducers A transducer which is constructed out of piezoelectric material will have a natural frequency of resonance and it is appropriate that the transducer should be excited with alternating electric field which matches the natural resonant frequency of oscillation of the material. The ultrasound frequencies that are used in medical imaging applications range from 1 MHz to 15 MHz and echocardiography is usually performed at frequencies of 2.5 MHz. Hence, transducers which are used for ultrasound imaging have to be tuned for different frequencies. For a transducer material in which ultrasound waves travel at the speed c, with a resonant frequency f, the thickness of the material is related by the formula f=c/2d. Hence, it is possible to tune various transducers constructed of the same material to different frequencies by adjusting the thickness of the material. The ultrasound transducer can be excited by a continuous wave, a pulsed wave, or a single voltage pulse depending on the requirement s for observing a continuous image, echo ranging or other tissue measurements. The rear face of the piezoelectric crystal material is usually supported by a backing material which is tungsten loaded araldite, so that the vibrations in the piezoelectric material are rapidly damped after the initial excitation. It is important to couple the piezoelectric transducer to the body of a patient so that the incident ultrasound energy can be effectively transmitted into the body tissue that is being scanned. In order to do this, matching layers of suitable acoustic material are used along with a gel which makes it possible for the ultrasound waves to penetrate the tissue more efficiently. As far as possible, the characteristic acoustic impedance of the tissue being scanned is matched with the acoustic impedance of the transducer. The characteristic acoustic impedance of the tissue is defined as: In the formula, c is the speed of ultrasound in human tissue which is about 1540 m/sec with a variation of +/- 6% and   is the tissue density. K is the bulk elastic modulus of the tissue being scanned. The acoustic parameters of an ultrasound transducer include its nominal frequency, the peak frequency which is the highest frequency response measured from the frequency spectrum, the bandwidth of the transducer which is the difference between the highest and the lowest – 6 dB level in the frequency spectrum, the pulse width response time of the transducer, which is the time duration of the time domain envelope which is 20 dB above the rising and decaying cycles of a transducer response, the loop sensitivity for a medium on which a test is performed which is characterised by: Here, Vo is the excitation pulse voltage in volts, while Vx is the received signal voltage from the transducer.   The signal to noise ratio for a biomedical ultrasound transducer is also an important parameter for an ultrasound transducer and this is defined as: In the above expression, Vx is the received signal voltage from the transducer in volts in response to a specified tone burst or pulse and Vn is the noise floor in volts. The signal to noise ratio for an ultrasound transducer is a measure of the noise associated with the transducer, measuring instrument or cables and this is a good measure of how sensitive a transducer is. In addition to the previously mentioned parameters, geometrical parameters for a transducer describe how the acoustic pressure generated by a transducer varies across the axial and cross-sectional fields of a transducer. These variations are illustrated below: Axial Beam Profile for an Ultrasound Transducer Cross – Sectional Beam Profile for an Ultrasound Transducer he detailed construction of an ultrasound transducer for medical applications involving the shaping of the piezoelectric material, matching layers, housing and backing materials etc is presently conducted using computational techniques such as Finite Element Modelling of ultrasound transducers through the use of software packages such as Ultrasim and other commercially available software. In the overall design, efforts have to be made to ensure that the overall design will be optimised so as to deliver a sufficiently high power of ultrasound into the tissue being imaged and as far as possible there is best possible sound impedance matching between the transducer and the scanned tissue. Design of the backing material in an ultrasound transducer is important because this design determines the ring down time of the transducer, which is critical for low noise and optimal axial resolution of the transducer. Trends in Transducer Design for Echocardiography Only the simplest equipment for echocardiography will use a single ultrasound transducer and there is a trend towards design of echocardiography equipment which uses two or even three dimensional arrays of ultrasound transducers to provide superior quality 2 –D or 3-D computer generated pictures of the organ being imaged.   Even the relatively simpler equipment being used these days has two or more ultrasound transducers fitted into the transducer probe. The array of transducers are capable of generating a shaped beam of ultrasound which can be appropriately focused using electronic digital signal processing techniques to provide better images and resolution. Although the relatively simple medical ultrasound scanners cost about  £1000 per piece, reasonably decent transducer assemblies for a decent Philips or Toshiba ultrasound machines can cost  £1500 for the transducer alone. Transducer arrays for two or three dimensional ultrasound imaging equipment can be much more ex pensive because of the large number of transducers that are employed in such imaging equipment.   For better quality ultrasonic imaging to be possible, there is a requirement for enhanced bandwidth transducers, higher frequency transducer arrays and sophisticated digital signal processing circuits. There is also a trend towards transducer miniaturisation which will make intracavitary, intraurethral, or intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) investigation possible. The current imaging frequency range of 1 MHz to 15 MHz is expected to be increased to 20 MHz to 100 MHz and at these frequencies, microsonography devices using miniature ultrasound transducers with higher sensitivities are expected to provide much better and higher resolution images using catheter based transducers which are less then 2mm in diameter and are capable of being placed in veins.   New ultrasound transducer materials are likely to provide transducers which are far more sensitive then those available presently and consume lower power. These transducers can be operated from battery powered portable equipment and th ere are indications in literature that with the availability of such devices, it is likely that the stethoscope will be replaced by miniature ultrasound equipment. New trends in ultrasound transducer construction are also moving towards composite transducer construction in which a composite of two piezoelectric materials is used to design the transducer. Ultrasound transducers are fairly rugged and the piezoelectric material does not loose its properties unless exposed to high temperatures approaching the Curie temperature for the material are reached or there are strong alternating or direct electrical fields opposing the direction of poling for the material. Mechanical stresses imposed on the piezoelectric materials should not exceed the specified limits and although the specified limits vary for different types of materials, mechanical stress in excess of 2.5 MPa may be considered as likely to cause permanent damage. Ultrasound transducers are capable of being designed to operate in liquid mediums and the piezoelectric material does not react with water or gel.   Conclusion Materials with piezoelectric properties such as lead titanate (PbTiO3) and lead zirconate (PbZrO3) lend themselves to being treated by poling to generate as well as detect ultrasound waves when subjected to alternating electric fields or mechanical stresses. Ultrasound transducers can be made out of these materials and these transducers can be designed for specified resonance frequencies for use in medical imaging. The detailed design of such transducers is an exciting and involving undertaking which is capable of being assisted by finite element simulations. Advances in transducer design involving the use of new materials, miniaturisation and the use of arrays of transducers promises to revolutionise medical imaging in the future by providing high resolution 3-D ultrasound images and the field is full of promise for device designers as well as computer engineers of the future. References/ Bibliography Web Sources   Abboud, Najib N et al. â€Å"Finite Element Modelling for Ultrasonic Transducers†. Weidlinger Associates Inc. SPIE Int. Symp. Medical Imaging 1998, San Diego, Feb 21-27, 1998. August 4, 2005. http://www.wai.com/AppliedScience/Software/Pzflex/Papers/pzflex-spie_mi98.pdf Binder, T. â€Å"Three-Dimensional Echocardiography Principles and Promises†. Journal of Clinical and Basic Cardiology 2002; 5 (Issue 2), 149-152. August 4, 2005. http://www.kup.at/kup/pdf/1137.pdf Brandt, Einar. â€Å"Segmentation Techniques for Echocardiographic Image Sequences†. University of Linkopings. 1998. August 4, 2005. http://www.imv.liu.se/klinfys/einar/publications/pdf_open/Ex1934.pdf Bridal, Lori S et al. â€Å"Milestones on the Road to Higher Resolution, Quantitative, and Functional Ultrasonic Imaging†. PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE, VOL. 91, NO. 10, OCTOBER 2003. August 6, 2005. http://dei-s1.dei.uminho.pt/outraslic/lebiom/ultra/ultrasonic01232192.pdf Diederichs, Rolf. â€Å"Ultrasound Transducer Library†. Diederichs, Rolf. March, 1998. August 4, 2005. http://www.ndt.net/wshop/wshop_tr/trans_li.htm Eberhard, Brunner. â€Å"Ultrasound System Considerations and their Impact on Front-End Components,† Analog Devices, Inc., 2002. August 4, 2005. http://www.analog.com/library/analogDialogue/archives/36-03/ultrasound/UltrasoundFrontend.pdf Erikson, Kenneth R et al. â€Å"Ultrasound in Medicine – A Review†. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SONICS AND ULTRASONICS, VOL. SU-21, NO. 3, JULY 1971. August 4, 2005. http://www.ieee-uffc.org/ultrasonics/teaching/t7430144.pdf Fink, Mathias. â€Å"Time Reversed Acoustics†. Scientific American Inc, 1999. August 4, 2005. http://www4.ncsu.edu/~fouque/fink.pdf G. Fleury, R. Berriet, O. Le Baron, B. Huguenin. â€Å"New piezocomposite transducers for therapeutic ultrasound†. 2nd International Symposium on Therapeutic Ultrasound Seattle 31/07 02/08/02. August 4, 2005. http://www.imasonic.com/Papers/ISTU2Ima.pdf Genadiy V. Leonov,, Vladimir N. Khmelev, Roman V. Barsukov, Sergey N. Tsyganok, Alexey N. Slivin, Andrey V. Shalunov. â€Å"Advancement of Ultrasonic Technologies Efficiency, Development of Ultrasonic Devices for the Manufactures, Medical Institutions and the Agriculture Requirements†. Biysk Technological Institute. 2004. August 4, 2005. http://www.bti.secna.ru/institute_/laboratory/us/downloads/vestnic_e.pdf Goel, Malti. â€Å"Electret sensors, filters and MEMS devices: New challenges in materials research†. Current Science. Volume 85. No. 4. August 25, 2004. August 4, 2005. http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/aug252003/443.pdf Hazas, Mike and Andy Ward. â€Å"A Novel Broadband Ultrasonic Location System†. University of Cambridge, United Kingdom. 2002. August 4, 2005. http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/~hazas/Hazas02_ANovelBULS.pdf Holm, Sverre. â€Å"Ultrasim – A Toolbox for Ultrasound Field Simulation†. University of Oslo. 2000. August 6, 2005. http://heim.ifi.uio.no/~sverre/papers/01_Matlab.pdf Krochak, Paul and Stefan Story. â€Å"Acoustic Densification of Multiphase Stream†. University of British Columbia. June 19, 2005. August 4, 2005. http://www.math.ubc.ca/~FluidLab/people/sstorey/Densificatio_Final_Report.pdf Ladabaum, Igal et al. â€Å"Surface Micro machined Capacitive Ultrasonic Transducer†. ieee transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control, vol. 45, no. 3, may 1998. August 4, 2005. http://piezo.stanford.edu/library/papers/IL1998.pdf Lewin, Peter A. â€Å"Diagnostic Ultrasound: A Glimpse into the Next Decade†. Drexel University. 2004. August 4, 2005. http://www.wma.net/e/publications/pdf/2000/lewin.pdf M. Greenstein, P. Lum, H. Yoshida, M.S. Seyed-Bolorforosh. â€Å"A 2.5 MHz 2D Array with Z-Axis Electrically Conductive Backing†. 2004. August 4, 2005. http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/96/HPL-96-89.pdf Measurement Specialties Inc. â€Å"Piezo Film Sensors – Technical Manual†. Measurement Specialties Inc. April 2, 1999. August 4, 2005. http://www.media.mit.edu/resenv/classes/MAS836/Readings/MSI-techman.pdf Michael Greenstein. â€Å"Multilayer Piezoelectric Transducers for Medical Ultrasound Transducers†. Hewlett Packard Laboratories. 2000. August 4, 2005. http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/95/HPL-95-79.ps Morgan Electro Ceramics. â€Å"Introduction: Piezoelectric Ceramics†. Morgan Electro Ceramics. May 16, 2001. August 4, 2005. http://www.morganelectroceramics.nl/pdfs/tech.pdf North Dakota State University. â€Å"Imaging Systems†. North Dakota State University. 2004. August 4, 2005. http://venus.ece.ndsu.nodak.edu/~schroeder/Imaging%20Systems.doc Nottingham University. â€Å"Medical Ultrasound†. Nottingham University. 2004. August 4, 2005. http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/physics/ugrad/courses/mod_home/f31ab1/notes/us.doc Petersen R.B. and J. Hutchins. â€Å"The iE33 intelligent echocardiography system†. Philips Ultrasound Medical Systems. 2004. August 4, 2005. http://www.medical.philips.com/main/news/assets/docs/medicamundi/mm_vol48_no3/11_Peterson.pdf Picture IQ.com. â€Å"Ultrasound Equipment†. Picture IQ.com. 2005. August 6, 2005. http://www.pictureiq.com/piq/ph30-63999-Ultrasound.mspx Powis, Raymond. L and G. Wayne Moore. â€Å"The Silent Revolution: Catching up with the Contemporary Composite Transducer†. JDMS 20:395–405 November/December 2004. August 4, 2005. http://www.medphysics.wisc.edu/mp666/powis_moore_contemp_trans.pdf Rainer Stotzka, Helmut Widmann, Tim Muller, Klaus Schlote Holubek, Hartmut Gemmeke, Nicole Ruiter, Georg Gobel. â€Å"Prototype of a new 3D ultrasound computer tomography system: transducer design and data recording†. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe. 2004. August 4, 2005. http://www.stotzka.de/Publications/stotzka2004.1.pdf RATSIMANDRESY, Leong, P.Mauchamp, D. Dinet, N. Felix, R. Dufait. â€Å"A 3 MHz, Two Dimensional Array Based on Piezocomposite for Medical Imaging†. IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings. 2002. August 4, 2005. http://www.vermon.com/Biblio_Vermon/IEEE_3MHz%202D%20Array.pdf Ritter, Timothy et al. â€Å"Single Crystal PZN/PT-Polymer Composites for Ultrasound Transducer Applications†. IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control, vol. 47, no. 4, July 2000. August 4, 2005. http://www.ieee-uffc.org/archive/public/opapers/jul792.pdf Ronald E McKeighen. â€Å"Design Guidelines for Medical Ultrasonic Arrays†. Acoustic Imaging Transducers Inc. 2000. August 4, 2005. http://www.wai.com/AppliedScience/Software/Pzflex/Papers-other/spie-man.pdf Saleh K. Y. and N.B. Smith. â€Å"Two-dimensional ultrasound phased array design for tissue ablation for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia†. Pennsylvania State University. May, 2003. August 4, 2005. http://www.bioe.psu.edu/ultrasound/Research/Saleh%20Smith%20IJH04.pdf Schmidt, M. â€Å"Ultrasonic Signal Processing Chip For Intraluminal Catheter Based Systems†. Fraunhofer Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems. 2004. August 4, 2005. http://www.imec.be/esscirc/papers-96/143.pdf Shindler, Daniel M. â€Å"Hand-held Ultrasound and the Stethoscope†. Robert Wood Johnson Medical School. 2004. August 4, 2005. http://www.bbriefings.com/pdf/950/shindler.pdf Ultran. â€Å"Medical Ultrasonic Transducers†. Ultran. 2004. August 4, 2005. http://www.ultrangroup.com/pdfs/ultran_trans_cat.pdf University of Central London. â€Å"An Overview of Existing Medical Imaging Techniques†. University of Central London. 2004. August 4, 2005. http://www.medphys.ucl.ac.uk/research/borl/homepages/florian/thesis/pdf_files/p35_44.pdf University of Lancaster. â€Å"Medical Ultrasound Imaging†. University of Lancaster. 2004. August 4, 2005. http://www.lancs.ac.uk/depts/physics/teaching/py336/Ultrasound.doc Wang, Haifeng, Tim Ritter, Wenwu Cao, and K. Kirk Shung. â€Å"Passive Materials for High Frequency Ultrasound Transducers†. The Society of Photo optical Instrumentation Engineers, SPIE. 1999. August 6, 2005. http://www.bioe.psu.edu/labs/NIH/pass_mat.pdf Weigang, Beate, G. Wayne Moore, M.A., James Gessert, William H. Phillips, Mark Schafer. â€Å"The Methods and Effects of Transducer Degradation on Image Quality and the Clinical Efficacy of Diagnostic Sonography†. Sonic Technology Laboratories. 2004. August 4, 2005. http://www.4sonora.com/products/Transducer%20Degradation%20on%20Image.pdf Wells, P.N.T. â€Å"Ultrasonic Imaging of the Human Body†. Bristol General Hospital. 1999. August 4, 2005. http://www.hrcc.on.ca/Research/bios/people/pattersonfiles/Wells%20paper.pdf Whitehouse, Kamin. Fred Jiang, Chris Karlof, Alec Woo, David Culler. â€Å"Sensor Field Localisation: A Deployment and Emperical Analysis†. University of California, Berkley. April 9, 2004. August 4, 2005. http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~kamin/pubs/whitehouse04ultrasoundUCBtechReport.pdf References Related to Ultrasound Transducers from British Libraries . Medical Imaging 1999: Ultrasonic Transducer Engineering: 24-25 February 1999, San Diego, California. Bellingham, Washington: SPIE, 1999. . Medical Ultrasound: Mirror Transducer Systems for High Resolution Imaging. 1984. American Association of Physicists in Medicine. Medical Physics of CT and Ultrasound: Tissue Imaging and Characterization: Summer School: Papers and Discussions. American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. Ultrasound Practice Committee Report for Cleaning and Preparing Endocavitary Ultrasound Transducers Between Patients. Laurel, Md.: American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, 1995. American Society of Ultrasound Technical Specialists and Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers. Medical Ultrasound. New York: Wiley. Barnett, S. B., G. Kossoff, and World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology. Safety and Standardisation in Medical Ultrasound: Issues and Recommendations Regarding Thermal Mechanisms for Biological Effects of Ultrasound: Symposium: Papers. Pergamon Press, 1992. British Medical Ultrasound Society. BMUS Bulletin. London: British Medical Ultrasound Society, 2003. Davies, Christopher Mark. The Construction and Design Characteristics of Bimorph Shear Wave Transducers. 1993. Fleming, David G., et al. Indwelling and Implantable Pressure Transducers: Based on Workshop Held in Cleveland, Ohio on December 4 and 5, 1975, Sponsored by the Biotechnology Resources Branch (RR-00857) and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM-14267) of the National Institutes of Health. Cleveland: CRC Press, 1976. Great Britain. Medical Devices Agency. A Comparative Technical Evaluation of Eleven Ultrasound Scanners for Examination of the Breast. Medical Devices Agency, 2001. Kuhn, A., P. A. Payne, and Dias. Design and Construction of Ultrasound Equipment for Characterization of Elastic Mechanic Properties of Dental Restorative Materials. Manchester: UMIST, 1991. Luukkala, Mauri. Second Harmonic Generation of Ultrasound in Quartz Transducers. Turku, 1967. Mok, W. H., M. S. Beck, and Dias. Flow Imaging Using Pulsed Ultrasound Transducers. Manchester: UMIST, 1986. Nakano, Hitoo, et al. XX International Congress The Fetus As a Patient and 6th Ian Donald Inter-University of Medical Ultrasound. 2004. Nicoll, J. J. and University of Edinburgh. Medical Ultrasound: Mirror Transducer Systems for High Resolution Imaging. University of Edinburgh, 1984. Preston, R. C., et al. The Performance of the NPL Ultrasound Beam Calibrator: Part 1 Physiotherapy Transducers. Teddington: National Physical Laboratory, 1986. Ruttenberg, Robert and Simon Peck. Transducer Development for Medical Dynamic Measurements. 2000. Shung, K. Kirk and Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers. Medical Imaging 1998: Ultrasonic Transducer Engineering: 25-26 February 1998, San Diego, California. Bellingham, Washington: SPIE, 1998. Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers. JDMS: Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography. Philadelphia: Lippincott for the Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers. Society of Ultrasound in Medicine of the Republic of China. Journal of Medical Ultrasound. Taipei. Turnbull, Daniel H. and University of Toronto Department of Medical Biophysics. Two-Dimensional Transducer Arrays fo

An Annotated Bibliography on the topic of Multiple Intelligences

An Annotated Bibliography on the topic of Multiple Intelligences Campbell, L., Campbell, B. (1999). Multiple Intelligences and Student Achievement: Success Stories from Six Schools. Alexandria, VA.: Association for supervision and Curriculum Development. Throughout this book Campbell and Campbell share stories about six schools (two elementary, two middle, and two high schools) that incorporated Multiple Intelligences into their curriculum. The authors outline how MI is applied, its role, and its effect on student achievement. Campbell and Campbell provide examples of how a Multiple Intelligence curriculum enables students to use their strengths to improve their academic weaknesses. Campbell, L., Campbell, B., Dickinson, D. (2004). Teaching and Learning Through Multiple Intelligences. (3rd ed.). Boston ; Montreal: Pearson/A and B. This book is introduced by explaining what the original seven intelligences are in detail. It continues on to describe how teachers can begin to integrate Multiple Intelligences into their classrooms. The authors of this book give specific examples of how an educator can plan their lessons or projects and give assessments using the MI theory. Gardner, H. (1993). Choice Points as Multiple Intelligences Enter the School. David Lazear Group | Multiple Intelligences. Retrieved December 12, 2010, from http://www.davidlazeargroup.com/multi-intell/articles/ChoicePoints.htm In this short essay written by Howard Gardner, he describes seven purposes of which Multiple Intelligence has been applied. He discusses that the theory of MI has been used to support a range of educational goals. Gardner describes the relationship of curriculum, instruction, assessment, targeted audiences and students in relation to Multiple Intelligences. Gardner, H. (1993). Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences (10th anniversary ed.). New York, NY: BasicBooks. This is the tenth anniversary of the original book that outlined Multiple Intelligences. Gardner broke this book up into three sections: Background of MI, The Theory itself, and Implications and Applications. In Frames of Mind Gardner describes the idea of Multiple Intelligence and how he came up with it; he discusses the nature and characteristic of each intelligence as well as how MI could potentially help our educational system. Gardner, H. (2002). Multiple Intelligences: The Theory in Practice (29. printing. ed.). New York: BasicBooks. Gardners Multiple Intelligences: The Theory in Practice is a collection of essays written about how Multiple Intelligence has been implemented in schools since the first book, Frames of Mind was published. In the Assessment and Beyond section of the book, Gardner outlines evaluations and gives an alternative form of assessment to standardized exams: a student portfolio to demonstrate strengths. Garnder, H. (2003, April 21). Multiple Intelligences After Twenty Years. American Education Research Association. Retrieved December 10, 2010, from www.pz.harvard.edu/PIs/HG_MI_after_2sss0_years.pdf Throughout this article, Gardner explains how he came up with the idea of MI and how it has evolved in twenty years. Gardner gives examples of colleagues and studies that have implemented the theory and how it enabled student achievement. He also describes and corrects some misconceptions that he has come across over the years. Mettetal G.,  Cheryl J.,  Ã‚  Sheryll H.  (1997). Attitudes toward a multiple intelligences curriculum.  The Journal of Educational Research,  91(2),  115.   Retrieved December 12, 2010, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID:  29295806). This article is about a small school that adopted the Theory of Multiple Intelligence into their school district. Considering the school went from being a traditional school to a school that fully implemented MI into its classrooms, there were many research activities and studies done to evaluate student assessment. Some activities include: surveys to parents, observations, interviews, and classroom assessments. Hatch, T. (1997). Getting Specific About Multiple Intelligences. How Children Learn, 54(6), 26- 29. Retrieved December 10, 2010, from http://www.ascd.org/publications/educational- leadership/mar97/vol54/num06/Getting-Specific-About-Multiple-Intelligences.aspx This article describes how each student is smart in their own way. Hatch describes each intelligence in relation to professions. For example, a person with a linguistic intelligence may be a reporter. Hatch proposes that educators teach to the students strengths opposed to the intelligence itself. The main purpose of this article is to try to get educators to avoid labeling their students to a specific intelligence. Lazear, D. (2000). Multiple Intelligence Approaches to Assessment: Solving The Assessment Conundrum. Global Learning Communities. Retrieved December 10, 2010, from www.julieboyd.com.au/ILF/pages/members/cats/bkovervus/t_and_learn_pdfs/mi_approa ch_to_assessment.pdf This article goes into detail about assessments and how they can be conducted. According to Lazear, any student who performs successfully on a given test does not necessarily demonstrate genuine learning or understanding; it may tell us only who is good at taking that type of test (Lazear 2000). He feels as though students need to demonstrate their knowledge in various ways to show genuine learning and understanding. In his article he outlines Brain-Based and Research-Based Assessment procedures. McClaskey, J.   (1995). Assessing student learning through multiple intelligences.  English Journal,  84(8),  56.   Retrieved December 12, 2010, from Research Library. (Document ID:  9081119). McClaskey feels as though students need to have opportunities to identify and build on their strengths.

Walt Whitman’s Children of Adam :: Walt Whitman Children Adam Essays

Walt Whitman’s "Children of Adam" Walt Whitman will forever live in the minds of individuals as one of America’s greatest poets. People in America and all over the world continue to read and treasure his poetry. He was an original thinker, contributing new modern styles to poetry. He was unafraid of controversy and uninhibited by what others may think of him. He created his own path in poetry, as he describes himself in an anonymous review of his poetry: "But there exists no book or fragment of a book which can have given the hint to them" (Whitman). His poetry was not inspired or affected by those who wrote before him; according to him, his poetry came entirely from "beautiful blood and a beautiful brain" (Whitman). His emphasis on originality, paradoxically, displays how Emerson, a fellow nonconformist, influenced him by stressing the importance of originality and the ability to think without being aided by other people’s words of wisdom. However, while Emerson influenced Whitman, Whitman also affecte d Emerson’s thoughts, as the two were friends who respected each other’s minds. Another member of this group of nonconformist friends is Thoreau, a fellow transcendentalist (Baym 2078). Walt Whitman was born May 31, 1819 on Long Island. As a child he loved to read Sir Walter Scott (Baym 2076). As an adult he took a major interest in the Democratic party, and "began a political career by speaking at Democratic rallies" (2077). However, he is not remembered for his political action; Americans remember Whitman for his amazing poetry. He was one of the first American poets to write his poetry "without rhyme, in rolling, rhapsodic, metrical, or semi-metrical prose-verse of very irregular lengths" (Rossetti), as one of his contemporary critics noted. This new style was not the only way Whitman broke from the way the traditional poets wrote. As Rossetti described, "He not unfrequently alludes to gross things and in gross words—the clearest, the bluntest, and nearly the least civilly repeatable words which can come uppermost to the lips." Whitman’s refusal to shy away from taboo subjects disgusted and offended many of the people of his day, but Whitman possess ed "determination not to yield to censorship or to apologize for his earlier poems" (Baym 2079). One poem that Whitman penned without being concerned with offending people is "Children of Adam." "Children of Adam" is a languid, sensual poem that is overtly sexual. As Whitman says in his poem, he is "singing the phallus,/singing the song of procreation.

INNER CHANGE FOR OUTER DEVELOPMENT Essay examples -- essays research p

Nowadays, people get so pre-occupied with their external environment that they don’t feel attention to themselves. This typical scenario has been the concern for almost every person in this planet. The ones who are affected are mostly those who belong to the urbane society. Professionals, self-employed individuals and students belong to this social order. The paradox of our time as shown here affects us always in our daily activities. We tend to forget ourselves and pay much interest on our day-to-day work. What is then the way for self-awareness to get back into our senses? Inner change for outer development is the main concern of this dissertation. First, the assessment of our own values must be taken into consideration. Let us reflect on what we want we did. Either on the school, offices, or even on the streets, let us contemplate what we have done. Did we do the right thing? If this query answers our trivial minds as no, then it’s time to change our ways. Change can either be on the lighter side: it can bring a rather exuding feeling of calmness and peace inside ourselves. Or, on the other hand, on the dark side of it: changing to become more egocentric and excluding yourself into the world. If we change, we must then aim for the better and not choose the latter. What is then the value of change if the results don’t give a positive outcome; a waste. We can start by accepting our own weaknesses as individuals. Let us not become intolerant to others feelings. Helping the...

I Am Legend Essay

I’ve been asked to write an essay on a film. I have been asked to pick a five minute scene from my chosen movie, I will be explaining and talking about how camera shots, miss-en-scene, sound and lightening effects the audience, also what the director want the audience to feel and understand. The movie that I have picked to do my essay on is the 2007 science fiction film I AM LEGEND. This film is based on RICHARD MATHESON'S 1954 novel under the same name and directed by Francis Lawrence.I AM LEGEND was distributed by the WARNER BROS. PICTURES. and released on DECEMBER 14TH 2007 in the USA. however the developing of the movie started way back in 1994 where several actors and directors were lined up to cast and produce the film, however due to financial and other problems the film was put on hold. NEW York City is where the movie was filmed and also included the BROOKLYN Bridge a $5 Million dollar scene which was the most expensive scene ever at that time.The movie begins with ne ws broadcast where a scientist Dr. Alice Krippin played by Emma Thompson, who announce the invention of a new drug that could cure cancer saving millions of lives but does it all sound too good to be true? , then fast forwards three years later to the scenes of a post apocalyptic world where there seems to be no sign of human life. we hear car engine and from a birds eye view looking down on the city we see a moving car and then a close up inside the car that’s the first time the main character DR.ROBERT NEVILE played by WILL SMITH, and his dog SAM are introduced to the audience, through out the movie it becomes clear to the audience watching that the relation ship between ROBERT NEVILE and his dog is a very strong relationship and there are many scenes which showcase the bond between them non more than the scene I have chosen to do my essay on. And the story plays out to the myth that a dog is a mans best friend. The story line of the movie becomes very clear within the earl y moments of the movie and we see what the task ahead of the main character is. veryday he sends out radio message looking for survivors as well as trying to cure the mutated humans otherwise known as Darkseekrs. The death of ROBERT Neville’s dog Sam proves to be an emotional and a turning point in the film as ROBERT NEVILE loses his senses and retaliates with angry as he cannot bare the loss of his one and only companion and goes out looking for revenge at this point he is attacked by hundreds of dark seekers and seems to be in trouble with his car flipped over all of the sudden a bright light nears and ROBERTNEVILE passes out as he is coming back around he is inside of a car and looks up with a shaky n unclear camera angle as if the audience is looking through his eyes. at this point he has been rescued by a women named ANNA and her son ETHAN who had heard his radio message and followed him, they take him home but his blood trail is left by the door as he was brought into t he house next day the Dark seekers followed the smell of the blood and attacked them that’s when ROBERT NEVILE realises that he has to sacrifice himself to save humanity and becomes almost like a religious figure sacrificing his life for the sake of humanity.The scene that I have chosen to do my essay on is when ROBERT NEVILE and his dog SAM are chasing after the deer, as they make there way through the roads and cars the deer takes a turn and enters a dark building and Sam follows it, at this point ROBERT NEVILE is also running after them up until the door way screaming for SAM to stop. In this scene the unstable camera and fast scene and ROBERT Neville’s frightened tone of voice makes the audience fearful and worried for SAM.ROBERT NEVILE then cautiously goes after SAM into the building with a flash light and his gun locked and loaded ready to fire which adds more tension to the scene and makes the audience feel as if something horrible is going to happen, as he is s lowly making his way inside the building with a frightened tone of voice whispering Sam’s name, At this point there is no music, the dark building and deadly silence becomes a perfect recpite for a scary scene, the silence and darkens makes this scene very intense and suspenseful which gets the audience on the edge of their seats waiting for something to happen. n the frightful darkness and science all you can here is the sound of his footsteps and water drops dripping down in the background and the frightening tone of ROBERT Neville’s as he raptly says â€Å"I shouldn’t be here† makes the scene that much more suspenseful and makes the viewer worried for both him and his dog. uring this scene the camera is very unstable as if the viewer was with him watching him from a corner and the other camera angle used is over the shoulder as if we are ROBERT NEVILE and we see through his eyes, this brings the audience much closer to the action and draws the viewers attention to the scene, especially as ROBERT NEVILE is making his way deeper into the dark building we see more tension building on the characters face as he is making his way round he looks down and there is blood on the floor which is a dangerous sign and gets the audience’s emotions started as we believe it could be SAM. s ROBERT NEVILE is making his way round a corner it appears on the ground the head of an animal which the audience see for a very short time and the camera looks up at ROBERT NEVILE as the tense looks on his face and him slightly whispering â€Å"SAM† its creates a very suspenseful moments as ROBERT NEVILE makes his way closer to the animal slowly revealing the head off the deer creates a moments sigh of relief for the character and the veiwer. this plays with the emotions of the audience as being very brightened and scared to the relief and the calming down.As he goes further into the building, over the shoulder shot is used as we see ROBERT Nevill e’s view as he point his gun and flash light into different parts of the room seeing nothing but old pipes makes the viewer anxious and worried to what might be in one of theses corners as the audience is looking from his point of view and changes in-between to a close up of his face which the viewer can see the frightened and fearful look on the characters face, all the way through it there is no music used just the sound of his footsteps, water dripping and him calling his dog the second time he looks up the viewer can see the Dark seekers from the characters point of view and the second shot is from the middle of the dark seekers looking back at him, an just as he raised his gun before and seen the you could hear a sound almost like a sward being drawn which with the camera angle and sight of the dark seekers and hearing them breathing and growling grabs the attention of the viewers. hen ROBERT NEVILE quickly looks this shows that he is very frightened and doesn’t w ant to be spotted and now the audience is very scared and worried for him and there attention is on the screen watching his every move as he slowly takes a few steps back his foot hits a piece of wood on the floor making sound causing the viewer to be on the edge of their seats and very worried this part of The scene is a very suspenseful. As he slowly escapes to the hall the audience is abet more relaxed believing it’s the end of it, As he is making his way though the hall, a whimper can be heard in the distance, echoing through the empty halls of the building. Robert takes a closer look following the sound to find Sam the viewer can see all this as the over the shoulder a very common shot and used a lot in the movie keeps the audience drawn to the action and can see from his point of view, Sam hiding under a desk and looks back at him for a second and we can see this through Sam's punt of view.The relief on his face is short-lived as we can see from ROBERT Neville’s point of view as he is looking at Sam and from Sam angle ROBERT NEVILE notices that Sam isn’t looking at him, but staring at something behind him which creates a very scary a moment, He turns around just in time to see a â€Å"Dark seeker† jumping to attack him. Robert shoots the Dark seeker, killing it, and then he and Sam start running the camera angle that are used one is wide shot as ROBERT NEVILE is running the other is point of view (pov) shot as we can see from ROBERT Neville’s view and also a wide shot from behind watching him run as he is running towards a window a mid shot and close up are used to see the expression on his face. Also as he is running we see the point of view of the darkeners as they are chasing him getting closer and close. he way the end of this scene has been shot it creates a very exciting climax as the they are running the camera is unstable in a lot of it as its from a human or a dark seekers prospective the speed of the shots and the scene creates a very scary and exciting atmosphere which builds up the viewers emotions and excitement. Thought out the scene threes not much music used at the end as ROBERT NEVILE is running you can here really low but fast music almost like a clock countdown other sound affects used are footsteps running and breathing heavily also you can hearer the dark seekers growling and screaming at the running part of the scene. The reason why I picked this film and this scene to do my essay on because it’s a classic movie based on a classic novel. This scene in particular captures all viewer emotions from being frightened to being happy and scared.

Instant Noodles

endorsement noodles ar very popular and oft consumed by or so people today. However, virtually buyers are clueless(prenominal) as to the alter these harvestings inflict on their bodies. By look into the most famous brands of irregular noodles hither in China, we exit be competent to accurately find out the most healthy brand of instant noodles ground on its rock oil content. By doing so, we will be adequate to(p) to prevent the many health problems that devour occured from these products from arising again. Furthermore, the limited brands of noodles in addition hinder us from having a wider summary on the topic. Related Literature From the m Momofuku Ando developed the first instant noodles, they have dominated the noodle industry, and its effects provoke still be seen today. Their main customers are the college students and other people who are everlastingly on the go, people who do non have time to cook breakfast, or people who are lazy to. Furthermore, agre e to english. ndtv. com there have been gamey amounts of plasticizers in instant noodles in China.The process of qualification the noodles is what affects the pee absorbency of the noodles. In fact fit to Beijing time progress applied science development co. LTD. , instant noodles are do out of a variety of doughs, which are formed to make noodles, cooked, then french-fry in oil. They are then pull through air knives, which does not however, run into all the oil. This is why instant noodles subdue such high amounts of oil, which causes kidney stones, and prevents it from absorbing wet.Oil is not the only unhealthy material in instant noodles. In fact harmonize to Dr. Edmond Lee, instant noodles also contain high amounts of carbohydrates, sodium, MSG, and saturated fat. This is why we test the noodles for its piss absorbency, because it is one of the factors that will show whether or not an instant noodle product is high in terms of oil-content. This is because oil and wa ter system do not mess up when something is covered in oil water will not be able to pass through thus less water absorbency.We plan to test the water absorbency by drenching the noodles in water and measuring the amount of unabsorbed water left. By doing this we can help people guide the instant noodles with the least oil content, thus helping them prevent other sicknesses caused by the instant noodles, and helping them get as much nutrients as they can obtain. Furthermore, the club will be more intercommunicate as to the best brand of instant noodles with the assistance of this study.