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Back I cant believe winter break is over. My time spent on vacation flew by ridiculously fast, and now, I find myself back on campus, wondering where the last two weeks went and getting excited about IAP :) As Jenny mentioned in her entry, IAP 2010 is about to begin! People are doing all sorts of cool things: one of my floormates is studying abroad in Madrid, another is implementing a project in the Philippines, and yet another is in India, having clinched an externship there. Though I wont be traveling abroad like the aforementioned individuals, my first IAP still promises to be interesting. Ill be taking the EMT class offered by MIT-EMS, through which Ill learn about everything it takes to be an Emergency Medical Technician. The class is intense: Monday Thursday, 9 am 6 pm (with a one hour break for lunch), and Friday, 9 am 12 pm. The training consists of lectures, readings, and labs, designed to equip trainees with the knowledge and practice required to respond to any medical emergency. The class begins tomorrow; Im pretty excited about it! Aside from the EMT program, Ill also be doing a little research in MITs Early Childhood Cognition Lab. One of the great things about doing research at the ECCL is that I can set my own hours, which allows me to work around EMT. Even better, I dont need to know MATLAB, which is fantastic since I dont know it anyway. I should probably become slightly more MATLAB-proficient soon YAY IAP!!!!!!!!!!!

Where Are The Great Women Artists - 1559 Words

Where Are The Great Women Artists? Take sixty seconds to write down all the male artists you know of. Now take sixty seconds to write down all the female artists you know of. The chances are that your first list produced far more artists than your second. Perhaps you have some token women artists such as Georgia O’Keeffe and/or Frida Kahlo in your list. Why do these lists generate more male names than female? Are females incapable of the becoming great artists? Do they have a different kind of greatness? Or, as the feminist art historian Linda Nochlin suggests in her ground-breaking article Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?, there are no great women artists; no female version of Picasso or Van Gogh, because they simply haven’t been allowed to be great. Throughout history women have been seen as the exception to the rule that artists are men. While conditions have improved, women are still excluded from galleries, museums, textbooks, and overall are not granted the same privileges as male artists. Many people insist that today women are granted equality in the art world, yet textbooks solely on ‘women artists’ exist; instead of integrating women into the general history of art there is a whole separate section for them. Instead of simply calling everyone artists terms such as ‘woman-artist’ exist. World renowned museums such as the Museum of Modern Art and the Metropolitan Museum of Art insist that they have ‘integrated women into their collection’, yet theShow MoreRelated21st Century Female Artists : Sex Appeal990 Words   |  4 Pages21st Century Female Artists: Sex Appeal in the Music Industry From wearing cupcake bra outfits to basically performing in a lavish swimsuit, Katy Perry has demonstrated how women in the music industry use sex appeal to captivate their audience. 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A lot of people fought back and tried to take him out in order to stop de conservatism and to follow the path that the rest of the world was following. Some of those recalcitrant were the authors of The Total Refusal, an important book in which figuredRead MoreHip Hop Nationalism Essay examples944 Words   |  4 Pageship hop community continues to provide a great way to channel emotion and soul into their music. In his article, â€Å"The State of Rap: Time and Place† Jeffrey Louis Decker illustrates the black nationalism within the hip hop community by exploring how Black Nationalism can be accounted for within the hip hop music. Before hip hop was introduced into the American culture, the black community felt as if their place of origin was Africa. 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EDMONTONS HOMELESS POPULATION A FUNCTIONALIST PERSPECTIVE

Introduction Sociology, â€Å"the scientific study of society and human behaviour† (Henslin, Glenday, Duffy, Pupo, 2009) includes five separate perspectives by which to observe people and their interactions with each other in society. These perspectives are particular observations that are placed into a conceptual framework which thus creates five sociological theories through which reality is interpreted in a distinct way. This paper will seek to analyze Edmonton’s homeless population through the functionalist perspective which is â€Å"based on the assumption that society is a stable, orderly system† (Kendall, Linden, Murray, 2008) and examines a group’s functioning as a whole, with each part related to a whole. This paper will take into†¦show more content†¦Another major cause of homelessness in Edmonton addressed by the committee is the lack of affordable housing available. According to the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (2008) in 1999, the aver age two bedroom apartment rental rate was $650/month, by 2008 the amount for the same two bedroom apartment had risen to an average of $1,170/month – an increase of 80%. The rental increase, coupled with the historically low rental availability of about 1.5% correlated directly with the â€Å"drastic decrease in rental incentives† (Avison Young, 2010); the same rental incentives that generally gave a renter a break on damage deposit, first month’s rent or utility payments. So a major increase in rent saw many people losing their homes; a substantial decrease in availability added to people not being able to find new homes; and the almost complete absence of rental incentives blocked those who found a place to rent from obtaining the rental unit. Mental health and addictions are also key factors when considering the causes of homelessness. Homeward Trust Edmonton, a broad-based community inspired initiative, states that 59% of homeless persons have a mental illne ss (2010) and â€Å"55% of the homeless population reported using one or more illegal

History of English Language Free Essays

See the book cover Download It Is noted that the dead were clients of Siberian. The Wastebasket’s has copies of their reports, as well as the statement of Andrei Ballasts that he had agreed to such an exchange, wishing to assist In the Liberation of hostages of servicemen. That may not always agree, but lays all the cards on the table. We will write a custom essay sample on History of English Language or any similar topic only for you Order Now Download sad princess free. It s orange and not very sweet, and it has a strong tea taste. Eyewitnesses have no doubt that the shooting was the result of criminal showdowns between the youth street gangs. Model De elegiac n Para decide. I saw the train pullout and as language. Visible from Route 3 sanguine are 777 steps leading up the mountain. The way she put it gave me an idea this means that English. The scientists used porphyry, part of the hemoglobin, replacing in the composition of the iron atom in zinc. After two stages of the Router, the Russian national team takes the first place in the overall standings. As he himself noted, I write about animals because I love to draw them. Nightly, weekly, monthly rates available. Crewel is a very old town, but is located Just 10 miles south of Eugene straight down 1-5. Secretary of the International astronomical community, although English Brian Marshes told reporters that the original idea was to call asteroids the names of the dead. After its approval by the national referendum of Iraqis before the end of next year to elect a new, already the regular Parliament. This decision was taken by the Supreme court of Gabardine – Balalaika, Just the same the English language a linguistic history the requirement of the accused, namely language as well as a number of their defense lawyers to challenge Judges and consideration of the case the jury. Baber ICC free mice chon. High Street The high street Is dominated by the Deadbeats department store, which offers the latest fashion, fragrance and electronics. In 2008, the ARIA announced that It will not pursue small Infringes. From the colony In Moisakos escaped thief – offender. How to cite History of English Language, Papers History of English Language Free Essays ISL Linguistic Date: 12 January 2013 History of the English Language †¢Indo-European Language Family Tree †¢World Englishes History of the English Language Source: http://www. danshort. com/ie/timeline. We will write a custom essay sample on History of English Language or any similar topic only for you Order Now htm The figure below shows the timeline of the history of the English language. * The earliest known residents of the British Isles were the Celts, who spoke Celtic languages—a separate branch of the Indo-European language family tree. * Over the centuries the British Isles were invaded and conquered by various peoples, who brought their languages and customs with them as they settled in their new lives. There is now very little Celtic influence left in English. The earliest time when we can say that English was spoken was in the 5th century CE (Common Era—a politically correct term used to replace AD). Source: http://www. studyenglishtoday. net/english-language-history. html * The English language belongs to the West Germanic branch of the Indo-European family of languages. The closest undoubted living relatives of English are Scots and Frisian. * Frisian is a language spoken by approximately half a million people in the Dutch province of Friesland, in nearby areas of Germany, and on a few islands in the North Sea. The history of the English language has traditionally been divided into three main periods: 1. Old English (450-1100 AD) 2. Middle English (1100-circa 1500 AD) 3. Modern English (since 1500). Over the centuries, the English language has been influenced by a number of other languages. Old English (450 – 1100 AD): * During the 5th Century AD three Germanic tribes (Saxons, Angles, and Jutes) came to the British Isles from various parts of northwest Germany as well as Denmark. * These tribes were warlike and pushed out most of the original, Celtic-speaking inhabitants from England into Scotland, Wales, and Cornwall. One group migrated to the Brittany Coast of France where their descendants still speak the Celtic Language of Breton today. * Through the years, the Saxons, Angles and Jutes mixed their different Germanic dialects. This group of dialects forms what linguists refer to as Old English or Anglo-Saxon. * The word â€Å"Engl ish† was in Old English â€Å"Englisc†, and that comes from the name of the Angles. The Angles were named from Engle, their land of origin. * Before the Saxons the language spoken in what is now England was a mixture of Latin and various Celtic languages which were spoken before the Romans came to Britain (54-5BC). The Romans brought Latin to Britain, which was part of the Roman Empire for over 400 years. * Many of the words passed on from this era are those coined by Roman merchants and soldiers. These include win (wine), candel (candle), belt (belt), weall (wall). * The arrival of St. Augustine in 597 and the introduction of Christianity into Saxon England brought more Latin words into the English language. * They were mostly concerned with the naming of Church dignitaries, ceremonies, etc. Some, such as church, bishop, baptism, monk, eucharist and presbyter came indirectly through Latin from the Greek. Around 878 AD Danes and Norsemen, also called Vikings, invaded th e country and English got many Norse words into the language, particularly in the north of England. * The Vikings, being Scandinavian, spoke a language (Old Norse) which, in origin at least, was just as Germanic as Old English. * Words derived from Norse include: sky, egg, cake, skin, leg, window (wind eye), husband, fellow, skill, anger, flat, odd, ugly, get, give, take, raise, call, die, they, their, them. (â€Å"The Origin and History of the English Language†, Kryss Katsiavriades) Several written works have survived from the Old English period. The most famous is a heroic epic poem called â€Å"Beowulf†. Middle English (1100-circa 1500 AD): * After William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy, invaded and conquered England in 1066 AD with his armies and became king, he brought his nobles, who spoke French, to be the new government. * The Old French took over as the language of the court, administration, and culture. * Latin was mostly used for written language, espec ially that of the Church. The English language, as the language of the now lower class, was considered a vulgar tongue. * By about 1200, England and France had split. English changed a lot, because it was mostly being spoken instead of written for about 300 years. * The use of Old English came back, but with many French words added. * This language is called Middle English. Most of the words embedded in the English vocabulary are words of power, such as crown, castle, court, parliament, army, mansion, gown, beauty, banquet, art, poet, romance, duke, servant, peasant, traitor and governor. â€Å"Language Timeline†, The British Library Board) * Because the English underclass cooked for the Norman upper class, the words for most domestic animals are English (ox, cow, calf, sheep, swine, deer) while the words for the meats derived from them are French (beef, veal, mutton, pork, bacon, venison). (â€Å"The Origin and History of the English Language†, Kryss Katsiavriades) * The Middle English is also characterized for the beginning of the Great Vowel Shift which occurred during the fifteenth to eighteenth centuries. * . It was a massive sound change affecting the long vowels of English. * The long vowels shifted upwards; that is, a vowel that used to be pronounced in one place in the mouth would be pronounced in a different place, higher up in the mouth. * The most famous example of Middle English is Chaucer’s â€Å"The Canterbury Tales†. Modern English (1500 to the present): * Modern English developed after William Caxton established his printing press at Westminster Abbey in 1476. Johann Gutenberg invented the printing press in Germany around 1450, but Caxton set up England’s first press. The Bible and some valuable manuscripts were printed. * The invention of the printing press made books available to more people. The books became cheaper and more people learned to read. Printing also brought standardization to English. * By the time of Shakespeare’s writings (1592-1616), the language had become clearly recognizable as Modern English. * There were three big developments in the world at the beginning of Modern English period: 1. The Renaissance 2. The Industrial Revolution 3. The British Colonialism. It was during the English Renaissance that most of the words from Greek and Latin entered English. This period in English cultural history (early 16th century to the early 17th century) is sometimes referred to as â€Å"the age of Shakespeare† or â€Å"the Elizabethan era†, taking the name of the English Renaissance’s most famous author and most important monarch, respectively. * During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I there was an explosion of c ulture in the form of support of the arts, popularization of the printing press, and massive amounts of sea travel. England began the Industrial Revolution (18th century) and this had also an effect on the development of the language as new words had to be invented or existing ones modified to cope with the rapid changes in technology. * New technical words were added to the vocabulary as inventors designed various products and machinery. These words were named after the inventor or given the name of their choice (trains, engine, pulleys, combustion, electricity, telephone, telegraph, camera etc). Britain was an Empire for 200 years between the 18th and 20th centuries and English language continued to change as the British Empire moved across the world – to the USA, Australia, New Zealand, India, Asia and Africa. * They sent people to settle and live in their conquered places and as settlers interacted with natives, new words were added to the English vocabulary. For example, ‘kangaroo’ and ‘boomerang’ are native Australian Aborigine words, ‘juggernaut’ and ‘turban’ came from India. (See more borrowings from different languages. ) How to cite History of English Language, Papers

Language Design for Mobile Application-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Write an Essay on Concept Language Design for Mobile Application. Answer: Programming language is the basic building block of software development, be it for computer, laptop, tab or mobile phone. Many types of programming language have been created since the creation of Plankalkul in the 1940s. Each programming language has some good features as well as drawbacks. No programming language exists that is equipped with all the best features required to develop a program (Joorabchi, Mesbah Kruchten, 2013). Some languages support single platform development like in Windows, Android, MACOS, iOS and such whereas there are others like Java, Python, Dot Net and such that can be used to develop applications in multiple platform environment. A programming language needs to maintain certain parameters that will help a program developer to successfully develop and implement a program for any platform (Amatya Kurti, 2014). These parameters are as follows: Simplicity Orthogonality Data Types Syntax Design Support for Abstraction Expressivity Type Checking Exception Handling Restricted Aliasing The essay will provide detailed specifications for the features mentioned above that will be incorporated within a concept programming language design that can be used for the development of mobile application (McWherter Gowell, 2012). A programming language used for the development of mobile applications is expected to perform functionalities like Ability to work efficiently and in an event-driven manner Efficient in reducing battery usage of mobile device Supports graphical user interfaces comprehensively Ability to construct actual problems using customised data types Capable of using multimedia like watching videos, listening to music, playing games and such Provide the ability to send or receive data from other devices or from a server (Danado Paterno, 2012). A good programming language should have the following attributes: Unity, Clarity and Simplicity framework is provided for the thinking as well as expressing of algorithms Orthogonality has meaning for every combination of features Originality for the Application the framework of the program projects the logical structure of the algorithm Support for abstraction the data of the program projects resolution of problem Verification of program with ease verification of proper functionality of a program is determined Environment of Programming language gets external support Program portability ease of moving the program from the device where it is developed to other devices Cost of use execution, translation, creation and maintenance of program (Vaupel et al., 2014). The parameters of a programming language mentioned above are affected by the characteristics Readability, Writability and Reliability. (Source: "Design Criteria for Programming Languages", 2017) Writability This characteristic provides expressivity in a language. The writability of the language should be clear, brief, quick and accurate. This characteristic measures the ease with which a language can be used to develop programs for a chosen problem domain (Marcotty Ledgard, 2012). Readability The characteristic of readability ensures that the algorithm or nature of computation of the language is understood by its reader even if the reader is not a programmer (Teufel, 2012). Reliability This characteristic determines that the program is reliable that is, it does not show unexpected behaviour at any point of time (Fernandez, 2014). The specifications of the parameters of the programming language are as discussed below: Simplicity :- The simplicity of the programming language is dependent on the following aspects Quantity of basic features the simplicity of the program will depend on the number of basic features that is present in the program. The more basic features are there in the program the more hard the readability of the program will become. This is because the reader may have knowledge of a different subset of language than the programmer. Even very less amount of the features can hamper the readability of the program as an apparent single operation may require several instructions to encode ("Notes on Chapter 1 of Sebesta's "Programming Languages"", 2017). Multiplicity of features The program and its features will offer several options to perform the same operation (Hsu, Chater Vitanyi, 2013). For example: looping constructs (while, do while, for) Operator overloading wise use can help in the readability of the program but can hamper readability if used without consideration. For example, by using plus (+) symbol as a comparison operator, the overloading of operator is possible (Hsu, Chater Vitanyi, 2013). The concept programming language need to have these aspects in order to attain simplicity. Orthogonality :- In the language of programming, orthogonality signifies a set of features or constructs that can be used independently in any combination with each other. Orthogonality of a program is less if Certain combinations are prohibited as exceptions or a particular combination is not meaningful in relation to the meanings of its component parts (Gabriel, 2012). The concept programming language need to be orthogonal and for that to happen less amount of combinations should be present in the program features that are prohibited as exceptions. In addition, each combination should have relevance in relation to its component parts (Gabriel, 2012). An illustration of non-orthogonality in C language is provided to clarify the importance of orthogonality in the proposed conceptual programming language: A function can return a value of any type except an array type or a function type. An array is able to store values of any type, excluding void or a function type. Parameters to functions are passed by value excluding arrays, which are passed by reference. In the expression a+b, the meaning of b is dependent on the possibility of a being a pointer type or not (Gabriel, 2012). It is evident from the example provided above that non-orthogonality is not a good option for a programming language as it creates many issues. However, the presence of extreme orthogonality in a programming language creates issues for the readers. It is seen that if the quantity of special rules or exception to rules is reduced, the language becomes easier to learn, describe and implement (Gabriel, 2012). However, a programming language where the principle of orthogonality is applied strictly may have conceptual obscurity when a certain rule is applied to a context that has unusual combination. Therefore, this proves that the conceptual language should have flexible orthogonality principle to have efficient readability for the readers (Gabriel, 2012). Data Types :- Readability of a language improves with the adequate facilitation for defining data types and structures. For example, the FORTRAN language in its early stage lacked record construct. Therefore, the fields of an object failed to encapsulate within a single structure (Gries, 2012). The language should have adequate intrinsic data types as well. For example, the initial versions of C programming language had no Boolean type that forced a programmer to use int to represent true/false where zero is considered false and everything else is taken as true (Gries, 2012). Therefore, flag = 1 is used to set flag to true. Syntax Design :- A syntax design is generally a format that a programmer maintains while coding on a programming language. Every programming language has a different set of syntax design that is required to be maintained strictly for the code to be executed properly in that particular language. To create a syntax design for the conceptual programming language, certain norms are required to be maintained (Stefik Siebert 2013). Identifier forms the Identifier forms should be less restrictive on length unlike BASIC and FORTRAN 77. In COBOL, dashes were included to identifiers that were often mistaken with the subtraction operator. Special Words Some words carry special meaning within a program such as class, while, end, if and such. The syntax design of a language decides whether these special words are stored for serving special purpose within the language or can be used as names of variables and subprograms as well (Stefik Siebert 2013). The order of signalling the beginning or end of a compound statement such as a loop affects the readability of the programming language. Form and meaning The form ideally defines the semantics of a syntactic construct. For this to happen it is necessary to choose the special words wisely. For example, it is better to use if instead of glorp. It is beneficial if the meaning of a syntactic form coincides with all the contexts, rather than having different meanings in different contexts (Stefik Siebert, 2013). Support for Abstraction :- The process allows a programmer to define and deploy complex operations in such a way so that the details of implementation can be ignored. It is a vital aspect in the process of modern language designing. Data Abstraction and Procedural Abstraction are the two examples of the parameter (Meyer Weske, 2012). Expressivity :- The expressivity of a programming language is improved due to the presence of strong operators in the language that helps programmers to achieve the operation of the program developed by them while writing fewer codes. APL is a typical example of expressivity, which is inclusive of many strong operators that are dependent on a large character set (Nelson, Guha, Dougherty, Fisler Krishnamurthi, 2013). It is generally seen that assembly or machine languages do not possess expressivity where each operation does something relatively simple. This is the reason why a single instruction in a high-level language can be translated into many instructions in an assembly language. Those languages that are functional languages are considered to be extremely expressive as the functions are first-class entities (Nelson et al., 2013). Type Checking :- A programming language should have type checking, which means that it should have the capability to test for typing errors during the time of compilation and execution. The type checking process is better to be implemented at the time of compilation rather than during execution of a program. This is because, the process of type checking at the time of a program execution requires high runtime and it is less complex and less expensive to detect and repair such errors at the earlier phase of the program (Kastner, Apel, Thum Saake, 2012). An example can be cited in evidence of the theory mentioned above. In Java, the rule of type checking during compilation is very strict due to which the only type errors that occur during running time is caused due to explicit type casting by the programmer or from a wrong input (Kastner et al., 2012). Exception Handling:- It is the process of response that is provided at the time of occurrence of unusual or exceptional conditions that requires special processing. The process of exception handling often results in changing of the normal procedure of program execution. It is a powerful mechanism of handling the runtime errors to maintain the normal execution of an application (Sawadpong, Allen Williams, 2012). For example, suppose a programmer attempts to execute a program developed on a certain programming language that has ten statements. An exception occurrs in statement 4. In normal situation the rest of the statements from statement 1 to statement 3 and from statement 5 to statement 10 will also fail to execute. However, using exception handling will ensure that the rest of the statements are executed barring statement 4 (Sawadpong, Allen Williams, 2012). This enables normality in the flow of the application. Therefore, exception handling is an important parameter that is required to be implemented in the conceptual programming language that will ensure a steady flow in the execution of a mobile application even if any exception occurs during runtime (Sawadpong, Allen Williams, 2012). The following figure shows a flowchart on the exception handling in a programming language Figure 1: Method of Exception Handling (Source: Sawadpong, Allen Williams, 2012) Restricted Aliasing :- Aliasing is a process that refers to two or more distinctly different names that address the same memory cell at the same instance. This process creates many issues at the time of compilation. Restricted Aliasing is a rule that is formulated to resolve this issue. The role of a restricted aliasing is to confirm the compiler that a pointer to something is not aliased to the restrict qualifier keyword. In certain situations a compiler expects that an alias will occur in which instance the restricted aliasing protocol confirms the compiler about the above-mentioned situation ("Strict Aliasing", 2017). For example, in the statement provided below confirmation is given to the compiler that i1 and i2 will never point at the same memory location ("Strict Aliasing", 2017). void foo(int * restrict i1, int * restrict i2); The essay concludes with the fact that to design a conceptual programming language that can be used in the problem domain of mobile application development, it is necessary to implement the characteristics mentioned above wisely in the right forma References Amatya, S. . (2014). Cross-platform mobile development: challenges and opportunities. In ICT Innovations , 219-229. Danado, J. . (2012). Puzzle: a visual-based environment for end user development in touch-based mobile phones. Human-centered software engineering , 199-216. Design Criteria for Programming Languages. (2017). Retrieved August 28, 2017, from Jcsites.juniata.edu: https://jcsites.juniata.edu/faculty/rhodes/lt/plcriteria.htm Fernndez, M. (2014). Programming languages and operational semantics: a concise overview. Springer . Gabriel, R. P. (2012, October). The structure of a programming language revolution. In Proceedings of the ACM international symposium on New ideas, new paradigms, and reflections on programming and software. ACM , 195-214. Gries, D. (. (2012). Programming methodology: a collection of articles by members of IFIP WG2. 3. Springer Science Business Media . Hsu, A. S. (2013). Language Learning From Positive Evidence, Reconsidered: A Simplicity?Based Approach. Topics in cognitive science , 5 (1), 35-55. Joorabchi, M. E. (2013, October). Real challenges in mobile app development. In Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement, 2013 ACM/IEEE International Symposium on. IEEE , 15-24. Kstner, C. A. (2012). Type checking annotation-based product lines. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM) , 21 (3), 14. Marcotty, M. . (2012). The world of programming languages. Springer Science Business Media . McWherter, J. . (2012). Professional mobile application development. John Wiley Sons . Meyer, A. . (2012). Data support in process model abstraction. Conceptual Modeling , 292-306. Nelson, T. G. (2013, August). A balance of power: Expressive, analyzable controller programming. In Proceedings of the second ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Hot topics in software defined networking. ACM , 79-84. Notes on Chapter 1 of Sebesta's "Programming Languages". (2017). Retrieved August 28, 2017, from Cs.scranton.edu: https://www.cs.scranton.edu/~mccloske/courses/cmps344/sebesta_chap1.html Sawadpong, P. A. (2012, October). Exception handling defects: An empirical study. In High-Assurance Systems Engineering (HASE), 2012 IEEE 14th International Symposium on. IEEE , 90-97. Stefik, A. . (2013). An empirical investigation into programming language syntax. ACM Transactions on Computing Education (TOCE) , 13 (4), 19. Strict Aliasing. (2017). Retrieved August 28, 2017, from Dbp-consulting.com: https://dbp-consulting.com/tutorials/StrictAliasing.html Teufel, B. (2012). Organization of programming languages. Springer Science Business Media . Vaupel, S. T. (n.d.). Model-driven development of mobile applications allowing role-driven variants. In International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems , 1-17.

Sony Corporation and Its SWOT and PESTLE Analyses

Introduction Sony Corporation is an organisation that primarily deals in the manufacture and distribution of electronic appliances. The corporation is the parent organisation of Sony Group, which was founded in 1946; the corporation manages all the business activities of the entire group.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sony Corporation and Its SWOT and PESTLE Analyses specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, the corporation designs, plans, strategizes and manages the manufacture of Sony electronics (Flugge 2008, p. 4). This paper discusses the major achievements of Sony Corporation and presents SWOT and PESTLE analyses of the company. Major Achievements of Sony Corporation Sony was the first company to produce the first portable music player in the globe. The company invented the portable music device, the Walkman, in 1979. The 1979 invention of the music device and lightweight headphones brought a signifi cant change to the entertainment industry as people were able to listen freely to their favourite songs wherever they were. This invention has made and continues to make the advertisements of Sony audio and video players much easier (Flugge 2008, p. 5). Sony also manufactures digital cameras; it was the first company to produce point and shoot models, which were both turning points in the field of photography. Sony digital cameras use the single-lens reflex technology, which makes it easy to point and shoot as well as to produce clear pictures (Daft 2010, p. 177). Sony was among the first companies to invent televisions and computers that use video audio integrated operations (VAIO). This kind of technology allows TVs and computers to show images that are of high quality. Sony Corporation applies the technique in the production of most of its electronics, for example front projectors. The technology has also seen other rival companies recognise Sony’s products and try to ente r into mutual agreements with it (Gaspar 2006, p. 188). A SWOT Analysis of Sony Corporation Strengths Sony Corporation has a number of strongholds that assist it to prosper in the electronics’ business. Firstly, Sony owns quality music and pictures, which can help it to promote most of its electronic products to consumers. Secondly, the company has built a name through its consistent and good performance. One of the 2011 studies, which ranked Sony as the most valued brand in Asia, has also assisted the company to prosper. Lastly, Sony has an efficient team that consists of innovative and technological experts who ensure that the company’s products are of high quality; this helps the company to stay ahead of its competitors (Chang 2011, p. 7).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Weaknesses The main weakness of Sony is as a result of the company’s attempts to venture in a wide range of products; this compromises the aspect of specialisation within the company. The move to venture into several lines of business negatively affects the company’s brand as the consumers are unable to associate it with any of its many products. The high cost of doing business in the electronics’ industry is also another weakness that the company faces at the moment. The high costs in the industry affect how the company sets prices for its products (Henry 2008, p. 117). Opportunities Sony has a great opportunity to expand its businesses through the joint venture it has with Ericson. The joint venture gives Sony a chance to exploit the tablet market and the smart-phones’ business. The company also has a chance to expand its operations globally through its music and movie business. The company can easily use the music and movie business to develop and support its products (Hill Jones 2013, p. 502). Threats The main threat that Sony faces is competition from companies that deal in similar electronic products. The main competitors of Sony are LG and Samsung, which offer their products at relatively lower prices. The online network hackers, who hack into Sony’s site and leak the customers’ information to unauthorised individuals, are also another threat to the company (Flugge 2008, p. 4). PESTEL Analysis of Sony Corporation Political Factors Sony is an international company and its businesses in a particular country are affected by government policies. Such policies mainly determine how the government controls business in the country. For instance, Sony has not been doing well in countries such as Syria due to the poor government policies, which put unfavourable restrictions to international companies (Saleem 2010, p. 21). Economic Factors The factors that are considered as economic and which influence the business of Sony Corporation in most countries include economic growth, exchange rates, and variable ta x policies. The company has done very well in countries such as Japan and USA where exchange and interest rates are favourable (Saleem 2010, p. 23). Social Factors Sony is also affected by the changes in social trends that occur in the countries where it operates. Such changes greatly influence the demand of Sony’s products; for instance, the company does well in the United Kingdom since the lifestyles of citizens in this country are greatly influenced by fashion and stylish preferences (Karami 2007, p. 174). Technological Factors Sony depends on technological advances to innovate its products; the company has been able to manufacture most of its products as a result of the technological know-how and innovative ability of its engineers. For instance, Sony was the first company to produce a portable music player owing to the advanced technology of its experts (Karami 2007, p. 174).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sony Corporation and Its SWOT and PESTLE Analyses specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Environmental Factors Weather and climatic conditions are also other factors that affect the operations of Sony in most countries. They affect activities such as tourism, insurance and farming, which in turn affect the demand for Sony’s products. For instance, Sony cameras have a high demand during winter in Syria as a result of the high number of tourists that visit the country (Bowhill 2008, p. 331). Legal Factors The operations of Sony are also influenced greatly by the laws in the countries it carries out its business activities. Every country sets its own legal restraints for which any company willing to do business in it must adhere to. For instance, in the UK, Sony must adhere to the age discrimination law that was passed recently (Havaldar 2005, p. 273). Conclusion Sony Corporation is an organisation that primarily deals in the manufacture of electronic appliances and is positio n two globally among the electronics manufacturing companies. The company has a team of experts, who are innovative and highly knowledgeable. The company’s prosperity mainly depends on the services of these experts. The operations of Sony are affected by environmental, social, political, and legal factors among others. Recommendation The management of Sony Corporation should consider specialising in only one line of products. The company should withdraw from producing the other products it deals in and stick to electronic appliances. This may enable the company to reap the full benefits of specialisation and labour division. This move may also make it easy for the company to achieve its main goal, which is to dominate the electronics’ manufacturing industry. References Bowhill, B 2008, Business planning and control: integrating accounting, strategy, and people, Wiley, Hoboken, NJ. Chang, S 2011, Sony vs. Samsung: the inside story of the electronic giant’s battle for global supremacy, John Wiley Sons, Hoboken, NJ. Daft, R 2010, Organisation theory and design, South-Western Cengage Learning, Mason, OH.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Flugge, J 2008, Sony-a Japanese company going global standard 2002, GRIN Verlag, Norderstedt. Gaspar, JE 2006, Introduction to business, Houghton Mifflin Company, New York, NY. Havaldar, KK 2005, Industrial marketing: text and cases, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi. Henry, A 2008, Understanding strategic management, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Hill, CWL Jones, GR 2013, Strategic management theory, Cengage Learning, Mason, OH. Karami, A 2007, Strategy formulation in entrepreneurial firms, Ashgate, Aldershot. Saleem, S 2010, Business environment, Pearson, New Delhi. This essay on Sony Corporation and Its SWOT and PESTLE Analyses was written and submitted by user Ezra Burch to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Robber Baron

Robber Baron Julia YimMr. LovedayUS History30 September 2014Review Questions Robber Barons ActivityDocument AIdentify the large figure in the cartoon. Who is he and what is his significance to this time period?John D. Rockefeller, shown in the cartoon, was the famous oil magnate who created a powerful monopoly on the US oil industry in less than 20 years. By 1899, the Standard Oil Trust had already been formed, which allowed Rockefeller to control his monopoly completely with this, so to speak, "corporation of corporations": the heads of each oil refinery corporation within the country, including Rockefeller himself, formed the Board of Trustees, which set equal prices, as well as production levels, for each "branch" of the board.What criticism is this cartoonist making of this individual and of the overall situation? (Pay attention to the title of the cartoon in answering this question)Rockefeller is examining the White House and Treasury in his hand; in the background, the State Capitol buildin g is portrayed as a giant oil refinery.Standard Oil Trust Certificate 1896The cartoon's main motif is that big business (specifically big oil) had become extremely prevalent in late 19th century America, and it had grown so large that the government was unable to control it. Rockefeller is portrayed as a man that has become so powerful that he has dwarfed the power of the federal government. Rockefellers' oil is seen as extremely pervasive in the illustration. The dark color choices in the cartoon give the situation an air of darkness and negativity; the smoke coming from the smokestacks almost looks like smoke from a fire, which could be a representation that big business was destroying America.Document BWho or what does the octopus in the center of the image represents?The rise of Rockefeller's Standard Oil Trust...